diff --git a/Gemfile b/Gemfile
index bcda409a90..1ddb6f383a 100644
--- a/Gemfile
+++ b/Gemfile
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ gem 'thor', '~> 1.2'
 gem 'rack', '~> 2.2.3'
 
 gem 'hamlit-rails', '~> 0.2'
-gem 'pg', '~> 1.2'
+gem 'pg', '~> 1.3'
 gem 'makara', '~> 0.5'
 gem 'pghero', '~> 2.8'
 gem 'dotenv-rails', '~> 2.7'
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ gem 'webauthn', '~> 3.0.0.alpha1'
 
 gem 'json-ld'
 gem 'json-ld-preloaded', '~> 3.2'
-gem 'rdf-normalize', '~> 0.4'
+gem 'rdf-normalize', '~> 0.5'
 
 gem 'redcarpet', '~> 3.5'
 
diff --git a/Gemfile.lock b/Gemfile.lock
index bf6b5474fd..545032b2a4 100644
--- a/Gemfile.lock
+++ b/Gemfile.lock
@@ -417,7 +417,7 @@ GEM
     parslet (2.0.0)
     pastel (0.8.0)
       tty-color (~> 0.5)
-    pg (1.2.3)
+    pg (1.3.0)
     pghero (2.8.2)
       activerecord (>= 5)
     pkg-config (1.4.7)
@@ -493,8 +493,8 @@ GEM
     rake (13.0.6)
     rdf (3.2.3)
       link_header (~> 0.0, >= 0.0.8)
-    rdf-normalize (0.4.0)
-      rdf (~> 3.1)
+    rdf-normalize (0.5.0)
+      rdf (~> 3.2)
     redcarpet (3.5.1)
     redis (4.5.1)
     redis-namespace (1.8.1)
@@ -753,7 +753,7 @@ DEPENDENCIES
   omniauth-saml (~> 1.10)
   ox (~> 2.14)
   parslet
-  pg (~> 1.2)
+  pg (~> 1.3)
   pghero (~> 2.8)
   pkg-config (~> 1.4)
   posix-spawn
@@ -770,7 +770,7 @@ DEPENDENCIES
   rails-controller-testing (~> 1.0)
   rails-i18n (~> 6.0)
   rails-settings-cached (~> 0.6)
-  rdf-normalize (~> 0.4)
+  rdf-normalize (~> 0.5)
   redcarpet (~> 3.5)
   redis (~> 4.5)
   redis-namespace (~> 1.8)
diff --git a/app/controllers/api/v1/statuses_controller.rb b/app/controllers/api/v1/statuses_controller.rb
index c8529318ff..b1390ae485 100644
--- a/app/controllers/api/v1/statuses_controller.rb
+++ b/app/controllers/api/v1/statuses_controller.rb
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ class Api::V1::StatusesController < Api::BaseController
     authorize @status, :destroy?
 
     @status.discard
-    RemovalWorker.perform_async(@status.id, redraft: true)
+    RemovalWorker.perform_async(@status.id, { 'redraft' => true })
     @status.account.statuses_count = @status.account.statuses_count - 1
 
     render json: @status, serializer: REST::StatusSerializer, source_requested: true
diff --git a/app/lib/activitypub/activity/create.rb b/app/lib/activitypub/activity/create.rb
index 9e93cac64e..ad273c20bb 100644
--- a/app/lib/activitypub/activity/create.rb
+++ b/app/lib/activitypub/activity/create.rb
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ class ActivityPub::Activity::Create < ActivityPub::Activity
     LinkCrawlWorker.perform_in(rand(1..59).seconds, @status.id)
 
     # Distribute into home and list feeds and notify mentioned accounts
-    ::DistributionWorker.perform_async(@status.id, silenced_account_ids: @silenced_account_ids) if @options[:override_timestamps] || @status.within_realtime_window?
+    ::DistributionWorker.perform_async(@status.id, { 'silenced_account_ids' => @silenced_account_ids }) if @options[:override_timestamps] || @status.within_realtime_window?
   end
 
   def find_existing_status
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ class ActivityPub::Activity::Create < ActivityPub::Activity
 
     return unless delivered_to_account.following?(@account)
 
-    FeedInsertWorker.perform_async(@status.id, delivered_to_account.id, :home)
+    FeedInsertWorker.perform_async(@status.id, delivered_to_account.id, 'home')
   end
 
   def delivered_to_account
diff --git a/app/lib/feed_manager.rb b/app/lib/feed_manager.rb
index 1273253273..0713aa471e 100644
--- a/app/lib/feed_manager.rb
+++ b/app/lib/feed_manager.rb
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ class FeedManager
     return false unless add_to_feed(:home, account.id, status, account.user&.aggregates_reblogs?)
 
     trim(:home, account.id)
-    PushUpdateWorker.perform_async(account.id, status.id, "timeline:#{account.id}", update: update) if push_update_required?("timeline:#{account.id}")
+    PushUpdateWorker.perform_async(account.id, status.id, "timeline:#{account.id}", { 'update' => update }) if push_update_required?("timeline:#{account.id}")
     true
   end
 
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ class FeedManager
     return false if filter_from_list?(status, list) || !add_to_feed(:list, list.id, status, list.account.user&.aggregates_reblogs?)
 
     trim(:list, list.id)
-    PushUpdateWorker.perform_async(list.account_id, status.id, "timeline:list:#{list.id}", update: update) if push_update_required?("timeline:list:#{list.id}")
+    PushUpdateWorker.perform_async(list.account_id, status.id, "timeline:list:#{list.id}", { 'update' => update }) if push_update_required?("timeline:list:#{list.id}")
     true
   end
 
diff --git a/app/models/admin/status_batch_action.rb b/app/models/admin/status_batch_action.rb
index 319deff98e..85822214b3 100644
--- a/app/models/admin/status_batch_action.rb
+++ b/app/models/admin/status_batch_action.rb
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ class Admin::StatusBatchAction
     end
 
     UserMailer.warning(target_account.user, @warning).deliver_later! if target_account.local?
-    RemovalWorker.push_bulk(status_ids) { |status_id| [status_id, preserve: target_account.local?, immediate: !target_account.local?] }
+    RemovalWorker.push_bulk(status_ids) { |status_id| [status_id, { 'preserve' => target_account.local?, 'immediate' => !target_account.local? }] }
   end
 
   def handle_report!
diff --git a/app/models/form/account_batch.rb b/app/models/form/account_batch.rb
index 4bf1775bb9..dcf1558403 100644
--- a/app/models/form/account_batch.rb
+++ b/app/models/form/account_batch.rb
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ class Form::AccountBatch
     authorize(account.user, :reject?)
     log_action(:reject, account.user, username: account.username)
     account.suspend!(origin: :local)
-    AccountDeletionWorker.perform_async(account.id, reserve_username: false)
+    AccountDeletionWorker.perform_async(account.id, { 'reserve_username' => false })
   end
 
   def suspend_account(account)
diff --git a/app/services/account_statuses_cleanup_service.rb b/app/services/account_statuses_cleanup_service.rb
index cbadecc638..3918b5ba44 100644
--- a/app/services/account_statuses_cleanup_service.rb
+++ b/app/services/account_statuses_cleanup_service.rb
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ class AccountStatusesCleanupService < BaseService
 
     account_policy.statuses_to_delete(budget, cutoff_id, account_policy.last_inspected).reorder(nil).find_each(order: :asc) do |status|
       status.discard
-      RemovalWorker.perform_async(status.id, redraft: false)
+      RemovalWorker.perform_async(status.id, { 'redraft' => false })
       num_deleted += 1
       last_deleted = status.id
     end
diff --git a/app/services/activitypub/process_status_update_service.rb b/app/services/activitypub/process_status_update_service.rb
index e22ea1ab6d..9779281272 100644
--- a/app/services/activitypub/process_status_update_service.rb
+++ b/app/services/activitypub/process_status_update_service.rb
@@ -266,7 +266,7 @@ class ActivityPub::ProcessStatusUpdateService < BaseService
   end
 
   def broadcast_updates!
-    ::DistributionWorker.perform_async(@status.id, update: true)
+    ::DistributionWorker.perform_async(@status.id, { 'update' => true })
   end
 
   def queue_poll_notifications!
diff --git a/app/services/fan_out_on_write_service.rb b/app/services/fan_out_on_write_service.rb
index 09497e89fb..63597539e3 100644
--- a/app/services/fan_out_on_write_service.rb
+++ b/app/services/fan_out_on_write_service.rb
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ class FanOutOnWriteService < BaseService
   def notify_mentioned_accounts!
     @status.active_mentions.where.not(id: @options[:silenced_account_ids] || []).joins(:account).merge(Account.local).select(:id, :account_id).reorder(nil).find_in_batches do |mentions|
       LocalNotificationWorker.push_bulk(mentions) do |mention|
-        [mention.account_id, mention.id, 'Mention', :mention]
+        [mention.account_id, mention.id, 'Mention', 'mention']
       end
     end
   end
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ class FanOutOnWriteService < BaseService
   def deliver_to_all_followers!
     @account.followers_for_local_distribution.select(:id).reorder(nil).find_in_batches do |followers|
       FeedInsertWorker.push_bulk(followers) do |follower|
-        [@status.id, follower.id, :home, update: update?]
+        [@status.id, follower.id, 'home', { 'update' => update? }]
       end
     end
   end
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ class FanOutOnWriteService < BaseService
   def deliver_to_lists!
     @account.lists_for_local_distribution.select(:id).reorder(nil).find_in_batches do |lists|
       FeedInsertWorker.push_bulk(lists) do |list|
-        [@status.id, list.id, :list, update: update?]
+        [@status.id, list.id, 'list', { 'update' => update? }]
       end
     end
   end
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ class FanOutOnWriteService < BaseService
   def deliver_to_mentioned_followers!
     @status.mentions.joins(:account).merge(@account.followers_for_local_distribution).select(:id, :account_id).reorder(nil).find_in_batches do |mentions|
       FeedInsertWorker.push_bulk(mentions) do |mention|
-        [@status.id, mention.account_id, :home, update: update?]
+        [@status.id, mention.account_id, 'home', { 'update' => update? }]
       end
     end
   end
diff --git a/app/services/follow_service.rb b/app/services/follow_service.rb
index 329262cca0..ed28e13718 100644
--- a/app/services/follow_service.rb
+++ b/app/services/follow_service.rb
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ class FollowService < BaseService
     follow_request = @source_account.request_follow!(@target_account, reblogs: @options[:reblogs], notify: @options[:notify], rate_limit: @options[:with_rate_limit], bypass_limit: @options[:bypass_limit])
 
     if @target_account.local?
-      LocalNotificationWorker.perform_async(@target_account.id, follow_request.id, follow_request.class.name, :follow_request)
+      LocalNotificationWorker.perform_async(@target_account.id, follow_request.id, follow_request.class.name, 'follow_request')
     elsif @target_account.activitypub?
       ActivityPub::DeliveryWorker.perform_async(build_json(follow_request), @source_account.id, @target_account.inbox_url)
     end
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ class FollowService < BaseService
   def direct_follow!
     follow = @source_account.follow!(@target_account, reblogs: @options[:reblogs], notify: @options[:notify], rate_limit: @options[:with_rate_limit], bypass_limit: @options[:bypass_limit])
 
-    LocalNotificationWorker.perform_async(@target_account.id, follow.id, follow.class.name, :follow)
+    LocalNotificationWorker.perform_async(@target_account.id, follow.id, follow.class.name, 'follow')
     MergeWorker.perform_async(@target_account.id, @source_account.id)
 
     follow
diff --git a/app/services/import_service.rb b/app/services/import_service.rb
index 74ad5b79f4..8e6640b9dd 100644
--- a/app/services/import_service.rb
+++ b/app/services/import_service.rb
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ class ImportService < BaseService
         if presence_hash[target_account.acct]
           items.delete(target_account.acct)
           extra = presence_hash[target_account.acct][1]
-          Import::RelationshipWorker.perform_async(@account.id, target_account.acct, action, extra)
+          Import::RelationshipWorker.perform_async(@account.id, target_account.acct, action, extra.stringify_keys)
         else
           Import::RelationshipWorker.perform_async(@account.id, target_account.acct, undo_action)
         end
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ class ImportService < BaseService
     tail_items = items - head_items
 
     Import::RelationshipWorker.push_bulk(head_items + tail_items) do |acct, extra|
-      [@account.id, acct, action, extra]
+      [@account.id, acct, action, extra.stringify_keys]
     end
   end
 
diff --git a/app/services/reblog_service.rb b/app/services/reblog_service.rb
index 42f8b9512b..6556fbff72 100644
--- a/app/services/reblog_service.rb
+++ b/app/services/reblog_service.rb
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ class ReblogService < BaseService
     reblogged_status = reblog.reblog
 
     if reblogged_status.account.local?
-      LocalNotificationWorker.perform_async(reblogged_status.account_id, reblog.id, reblog.class.name, :reblog)
+      LocalNotificationWorker.perform_async(reblogged_status.account_id, reblog.id, reblog.class.name, 'reblog')
     elsif reblogged_status.account.activitypub? && !reblogged_status.account.following?(reblog.account)
       ActivityPub::DeliveryWorker.perform_async(build_json(reblog), reblog.account_id, reblogged_status.account.inbox_url)
     end
diff --git a/app/services/resolve_account_service.rb b/app/services/resolve_account_service.rb
index b266c019e2..3a372ef2aa 100644
--- a/app/services/resolve_account_service.rb
+++ b/app/services/resolve_account_service.rb
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ class ResolveAccountService < BaseService
 
   def queue_deletion!
     @account.suspend!(origin: :remote)
-    AccountDeletionWorker.perform_async(@account.id, reserve_username: false, skip_activitypub: true)
+    AccountDeletionWorker.perform_async(@account.id, { 'reserve_username' => false, 'skip_activitypub' => true })
   end
 
   def lock_options
diff --git a/app/workers/activitypub/distribution_worker.rb b/app/workers/activitypub/distribution_worker.rb
index 17c108461e..575e110257 100644
--- a/app/workers/activitypub/distribution_worker.rb
+++ b/app/workers/activitypub/distribution_worker.rb
@@ -27,6 +27,6 @@ class ActivityPub::DistributionWorker < ActivityPub::RawDistributionWorker
   end
 
   def options
-    { synchronize_followers: @status.private_visibility? }
+    { 'synchronize_followers' => @status.private_visibility? }
   end
 end
diff --git a/app/workers/feed_insert_worker.rb b/app/workers/feed_insert_worker.rb
index 043e508854..b81b09cac6 100644
--- a/app/workers/feed_insert_worker.rb
+++ b/app/workers/feed_insert_worker.rb
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 class FeedInsertWorker
   include Sidekiq::Worker
 
-  def perform(status_id, id, type = :home, options = {})
+  def perform(status_id, id, type = 'home', options = {})
     @type      = type.to_sym
     @status    = Status.find(status_id)
     @options   = options.symbolize_keys
diff --git a/app/workers/scheduler/user_cleanup_scheduler.rb b/app/workers/scheduler/user_cleanup_scheduler.rb
index d06b637f91..750d2127b4 100644
--- a/app/workers/scheduler/user_cleanup_scheduler.rb
+++ b/app/workers/scheduler/user_cleanup_scheduler.rb
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ class Scheduler::UserCleanupScheduler
   def clean_discarded_statuses!
     Status.discarded.where('deleted_at <= ?', 30.days.ago).find_in_batches do |statuses|
       RemovalWorker.push_bulk(statuses) do |status|
-        [status.id, { immediate: true }]
+        [status.id, { 'immediate' => true }]
       end
     end
   end
diff --git a/config/environments/test.rb b/config/environments/test.rb
index a35cadcfa3..ef3cb2e487 100644
--- a/config/environments/test.rb
+++ b/config/environments/test.rb
@@ -70,3 +70,6 @@ if ENV['PAM_ENABLED'] == 'true'
       env: { email: 'pam@example.com' }
     }
 end
+
+# Catch serialization warnings early
+Sidekiq.strict_args!
diff --git a/db/migrate/20180528141303_fix_accounts_unique_index.rb b/db/migrate/20180528141303_fix_accounts_unique_index.rb
index 02813f363c..3e33e2cac4 100644
--- a/db/migrate/20180528141303_fix_accounts_unique_index.rb
+++ b/db/migrate/20180528141303_fix_accounts_unique_index.rb
@@ -17,6 +17,21 @@ class FixAccountsUniqueIndex < ActiveRecord::Migration[5.2]
     belongs_to :account, inverse_of: :stream_entries
   end
 
+  class Status < ApplicationRecord
+    # Dummy class, to make migration possible across version changes
+    belongs_to :account
+  end
+
+  class Mention < ApplicationRecord
+    # Dummy class, to make migration possible across version changes
+    belongs_to :account
+  end
+
+  class StatusPin < ApplicationRecord
+    # Dummy class, to make migration possible across version changes
+    belongs_to :account
+  end
+
   disable_ddl_transaction!
 
   def up
diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index 00a9ce37a5..921958803f 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@
     "atrament": "0.2.4",
     "arrow-key-navigation": "^1.2.0",
     "autoprefixer": "^9.8.8",
-    "axios": "^0.24.0",
+    "axios": "^0.25.0",
     "babel-loader": "^8.2.3",
     "babel-plugin-lodash": "^3.3.4",
     "babel-plugin-preval": "^5.0.0",
diff --git a/spec/controllers/accounts_controller_spec.rb b/spec/controllers/accounts_controller_spec.rb
index 7c5ba8754d..73d1240291 100644
--- a/spec/controllers/accounts_controller_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/controllers/accounts_controller_spec.rb
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 RSpec.describe AccountsController, type: :controller do
   render_views
 
-  let(:account) { Fabricate(:user).account }
+  let(:account) { Fabricate(:account) }
 
   shared_examples 'cachable response' do
     it 'does not set cookies' do
diff --git a/spec/controllers/admin/accounts_controller_spec.rb b/spec/controllers/admin/accounts_controller_spec.rb
index 3edbde03cb..0f71d697cd 100644
--- a/spec/controllers/admin/accounts_controller_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/controllers/admin/accounts_controller_spec.rb
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ RSpec.describe Admin::AccountsController, type: :controller do
 
   describe 'GET #show' do
     let(:current_user) { Fabricate(:user, admin: true) }
-    let(:account) { Fabricate(:account, username: 'bob') }
+    let(:account) { Fabricate(:account) }
 
     it 'returns http success' do
       get :show, params: { id: account.id }
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ RSpec.describe Admin::AccountsController, type: :controller do
     subject { post :memorialize, params: { id: account.id } }
 
     let(:current_user) { Fabricate(:user, admin: current_user_admin) }
-    let(:account) { Fabricate(:account, user: user) }
+    let(:account) { user.account }
     let(:user) { Fabricate(:user, admin: target_user_admin) }
 
     context 'when user is admin' do
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ RSpec.describe Admin::AccountsController, type: :controller do
     subject { post :enable, params: { id: account.id } }
 
     let(:current_user) { Fabricate(:user, admin: admin) }
-    let(:account) { Fabricate(:account, user: user) }
+    let(:account) { user.account }
     let(:user) { Fabricate(:user, disabled: true) }
 
     context 'when user is admin' do
diff --git a/spec/controllers/admin/change_email_controller_spec.rb b/spec/controllers/admin/change_email_controller_spec.rb
index 31df0f0fce..e7f3f7c97d 100644
--- a/spec/controllers/admin/change_email_controller_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/controllers/admin/change_email_controller_spec.rb
@@ -11,10 +11,9 @@ RSpec.describe Admin::ChangeEmailsController, type: :controller do
 
   describe "GET #show" do
     it "returns http success" do
-      account = Fabricate(:account)
-      user = Fabricate(:user, account: account)
+      user = Fabricate(:user)
 
-      get :show, params: { account_id: account.id }
+      get :show, params: { account_id: user.account.id }
 
       expect(response).to have_http_status(200)
     end
@@ -26,12 +25,11 @@ RSpec.describe Admin::ChangeEmailsController, type: :controller do
     end
 
     it "returns http success" do
-      account = Fabricate(:account)
-      user = Fabricate(:user, account: account)
+      user = Fabricate(:user)
 
       previous_email = user.email
 
-      post :update, params: { account_id: account.id, user: { unconfirmed_email: 'test@example.com' } }
+      post :update, params: { account_id: user.account.id, user: { unconfirmed_email: 'test@example.com' } }
 
       user.reload
 
@@ -41,7 +39,7 @@ RSpec.describe Admin::ChangeEmailsController, type: :controller do
 
       expect(UserMailer).to have_received(:confirmation_instructions).with(user, user.confirmation_token, { to: 'test@example.com' })
 
-      expect(response).to redirect_to(admin_account_path(account.id))
+      expect(response).to redirect_to(admin_account_path(user.account.id))
     end
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/controllers/admin/confirmations_controller_spec.rb b/spec/controllers/admin/confirmations_controller_spec.rb
index eec2b2f5c4..5b4f7e925c 100644
--- a/spec/controllers/admin/confirmations_controller_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/controllers/admin/confirmations_controller_spec.rb
@@ -9,9 +9,8 @@ RSpec.describe Admin::ConfirmationsController, type: :controller do
 
   describe 'POST #create' do
     it 'confirms the user' do
-      account = Fabricate(:account)
-      user = Fabricate(:user, confirmed_at: false, account: account)
-      post :create, params: { account_id: account.id }
+      user = Fabricate(:user, confirmed_at: false)
+      post :create, params: { account_id: user.account.id }
 
       expect(response).to redirect_to(admin_accounts_path)
       expect(user.reload).to be_confirmed
@@ -32,10 +31,9 @@ RSpec.describe Admin::ConfirmationsController, type: :controller do
   end
 
   describe 'POST #resernd' do
-    subject { post :resend, params: { account_id: account.id } }
+    subject { post :resend, params: { account_id: user.account.id } }
 
-    let(:account) { Fabricate(:account) }
-    let!(:user) { Fabricate(:user, confirmed_at: confirmed_at, account: account) }
+    let!(:user) { Fabricate(:user, confirmed_at: confirmed_at) }
 
     before do
       allow(UserMailer).to receive(:confirmation_instructions) { double(:email, deliver_later: nil) }
diff --git a/spec/controllers/admin/resets_controller_spec.rb b/spec/controllers/admin/resets_controller_spec.rb
index c1e34b7f96..28510b5afb 100644
--- a/spec/controllers/admin/resets_controller_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/controllers/admin/resets_controller_spec.rb
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 describe Admin::ResetsController do
   render_views
 
-  let(:account) { Fabricate(:account, user: Fabricate(:user)) }
+  let(:account) { Fabricate(:account) }
   before do
     sign_in Fabricate(:user, admin: true), scope: :user
   end
diff --git a/spec/controllers/api/base_controller_spec.rb b/spec/controllers/api/base_controller_spec.rb
index 05a42d1c19..c286b8cbfc 100644
--- a/spec/controllers/api/base_controller_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/controllers/api/base_controller_spec.rb
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ describe Api::BaseController do
   end
 
   describe 'non-functional accounts handling' do
-    let(:user)  { Fabricate(:user, account: Fabricate(:account, username: 'alice')) }
+    let(:user)  { Fabricate(:user) }
     let(:token) { Fabricate(:accessible_access_token, resource_owner_id: user.id, scopes: 'read') }
 
     controller do
diff --git a/spec/controllers/api/v1/accounts/credentials_controller_spec.rb b/spec/controllers/api/v1/accounts/credentials_controller_spec.rb
index 1b29772c38..aae35ce385 100644
--- a/spec/controllers/api/v1/accounts/credentials_controller_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/controllers/api/v1/accounts/credentials_controller_spec.rb
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 describe Api::V1::Accounts::CredentialsController do
   render_views
 
-  let(:user)  { Fabricate(:user, account: Fabricate(:account, username: 'alice')) }
+  let(:user)  { Fabricate(:user) }
   let(:token) { Fabricate(:accessible_access_token, resource_owner_id: user.id, scopes: scopes) }
 
   context 'with an oauth token' do
diff --git a/spec/controllers/api/v1/accounts/follower_accounts_controller_spec.rb b/spec/controllers/api/v1/accounts/follower_accounts_controller_spec.rb
index 482a19ef2c..1e6e1d8e0a 100644
--- a/spec/controllers/api/v1/accounts/follower_accounts_controller_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/controllers/api/v1/accounts/follower_accounts_controller_spec.rb
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 describe Api::V1::Accounts::FollowerAccountsController do
   render_views
 
-  let(:user)    { Fabricate(:user, account: Fabricate(:account, username: 'alice')) }
+  let(:user)    { Fabricate(:user) }
   let(:token)   { Fabricate(:accessible_access_token, resource_owner_id: user.id, scopes: 'read:accounts') }
   let(:account) { Fabricate(:account) }
   let(:alice)   { Fabricate(:account) }
@@ -49,10 +49,10 @@ describe Api::V1::Accounts::FollowerAccountsController do
     end
 
     context 'when requesting user is the account owner' do
-      let(:user) { Fabricate(:user, account: account) }
+      let(:user) { account.user }
 
       it 'returns all accounts, including muted accounts' do
-        user.account.mute!(bob)
+        account.mute!(bob)
         get :index, params: { account_id: account.id, limit: 2 }
 
         expect(body_as_json.size).to eq 2
diff --git a/spec/controllers/api/v1/accounts/following_accounts_controller_spec.rb b/spec/controllers/api/v1/accounts/following_accounts_controller_spec.rb
index e35b625fe8..cc962c6ee3 100644
--- a/spec/controllers/api/v1/accounts/following_accounts_controller_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/controllers/api/v1/accounts/following_accounts_controller_spec.rb
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 describe Api::V1::Accounts::FollowingAccountsController do
   render_views
 
-  let(:user)    { Fabricate(:user, account: Fabricate(:account, username: 'alice')) }
+  let(:user)    { Fabricate(:user) }
   let(:token)   { Fabricate(:accessible_access_token, resource_owner_id: user.id, scopes: 'read:accounts') }
   let(:account) { Fabricate(:account) }
   let(:alice)   { Fabricate(:account) }
@@ -49,10 +49,10 @@ describe Api::V1::Accounts::FollowingAccountsController do
     end
 
     context 'when requesting user is the account owner' do
-      let(:user) { Fabricate(:user, account: account) }
+      let(:user) { account.user }
 
       it 'returns all accounts, including muted accounts' do
-        user.account.mute!(bob)
+        account.mute!(bob)
         get :index, params: { account_id: account.id, limit: 2 }
 
         expect(body_as_json.size).to eq 2
diff --git a/spec/controllers/api/v1/accounts/lists_controller_spec.rb b/spec/controllers/api/v1/accounts/lists_controller_spec.rb
index baafea8e6b..d714856335 100644
--- a/spec/controllers/api/v1/accounts/lists_controller_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/controllers/api/v1/accounts/lists_controller_spec.rb
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 describe Api::V1::Accounts::ListsController do
   render_views
 
-  let(:user)    { Fabricate(:user, account: Fabricate(:account, username: 'alice')) }
+  let(:user)    { Fabricate(:user) }
   let(:token)   { Fabricate(:accessible_access_token, resource_owner_id: user.id, scopes: 'read:lists') }
   let(:account) { Fabricate(:account) }
   let(:list)    { Fabricate(:list, account: user.account) }
diff --git a/spec/controllers/api/v1/accounts/notes_controller_spec.rb b/spec/controllers/api/v1/accounts/notes_controller_spec.rb
index 0a2957fede..47d595c705 100644
--- a/spec/controllers/api/v1/accounts/notes_controller_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/controllers/api/v1/accounts/notes_controller_spec.rb
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 describe Api::V1::Accounts::NotesController do
   render_views
 
-  let(:user)    { Fabricate(:user, account: Fabricate(:account, username: 'alice')) }
+  let(:user)    { Fabricate(:user) }
   let(:token)   { Fabricate(:accessible_access_token, resource_owner_id: user.id, scopes: 'write:accounts') }
   let(:account) { Fabricate(:account) }
   let(:comment) { 'foo' }
diff --git a/spec/controllers/api/v1/accounts/pins_controller_spec.rb b/spec/controllers/api/v1/accounts/pins_controller_spec.rb
index c71935df21..19bba093e4 100644
--- a/spec/controllers/api/v1/accounts/pins_controller_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/controllers/api/v1/accounts/pins_controller_spec.rb
@@ -3,8 +3,8 @@
 require 'rails_helper'
 
 RSpec.describe Api::V1::Accounts::PinsController, type: :controller do
-  let(:john)  { Fabricate(:user, account: Fabricate(:account, username: 'john')) }
-  let(:kevin) { Fabricate(:user, account: Fabricate(:account, username: 'kevin')) }
+  let(:john)  { Fabricate(:user) }
+  let(:kevin) { Fabricate(:user) }
   let(:token) { Fabricate(:accessible_access_token, resource_owner_id: john.id, scopes: 'write:accounts') }
 
   before do
diff --git a/spec/controllers/api/v1/accounts/relationships_controller_spec.rb b/spec/controllers/api/v1/accounts/relationships_controller_spec.rb
index fe715ff625..69ad0d061a 100644
--- a/spec/controllers/api/v1/accounts/relationships_controller_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/controllers/api/v1/accounts/relationships_controller_spec.rb
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 describe Api::V1::Accounts::RelationshipsController do
   render_views
 
-  let(:user)  { Fabricate(:user, account: Fabricate(:account, username: 'alice')) }
+  let(:user)  { Fabricate(:user) }
   let(:token) { Fabricate(:accessible_access_token, resource_owner_id: user.id, scopes: 'read:follows') }
 
   before do
@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@ describe Api::V1::Accounts::RelationshipsController do
   end
 
   describe 'GET #index' do
-    let(:simon) { Fabricate(:user, email: 'simon@example.com', account: Fabricate(:account, username: 'simon')).account }
-    let(:lewis) { Fabricate(:user, email: 'lewis@example.com', account: Fabricate(:account, username: 'lewis')).account }
+    let(:simon) { Fabricate(:account) }
+    let(:lewis) { Fabricate(:account) }
 
     before do
       user.account.follow!(simon)
diff --git a/spec/controllers/api/v1/accounts/search_controller_spec.rb b/spec/controllers/api/v1/accounts/search_controller_spec.rb
index 8ff2b17dee..5b23bff681 100644
--- a/spec/controllers/api/v1/accounts/search_controller_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/controllers/api/v1/accounts/search_controller_spec.rb
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 RSpec.describe Api::V1::Accounts::SearchController, type: :controller do
   render_views
 
-  let(:user)  { Fabricate(:user, account: Fabricate(:account, username: 'alice')) }
+  let(:user)  { Fabricate(:user) }
   let(:token) { Fabricate(:accessible_access_token, resource_owner_id: user.id, scopes: 'read:accounts') }
 
   before do
diff --git a/spec/controllers/api/v1/accounts/statuses_controller_spec.rb b/spec/controllers/api/v1/accounts/statuses_controller_spec.rb
index 0a18ddcbdd..348de08c2c 100644
--- a/spec/controllers/api/v1/accounts/statuses_controller_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/controllers/api/v1/accounts/statuses_controller_spec.rb
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 describe Api::V1::Accounts::StatusesController do
   render_views
 
-  let(:user)  { Fabricate(:user, account: Fabricate(:account, username: 'alice')) }
+  let(:user)  { Fabricate(:user) }
   let(:token) { Fabricate(:accessible_access_token, resource_owner_id: user.id, scopes: 'read:statuses') }
 
   before do
diff --git a/spec/controllers/api/v1/accounts_controller_spec.rb b/spec/controllers/api/v1/accounts_controller_spec.rb
index 9a5a7c72a7..5d5c245c50 100644
--- a/spec/controllers/api/v1/accounts_controller_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/controllers/api/v1/accounts_controller_spec.rb
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 RSpec.describe Api::V1::AccountsController, type: :controller do
   render_views
 
-  let(:user)   { Fabricate(:user, account: Fabricate(:account, username: 'alice')) }
+  let(:user)   { Fabricate(:user) }
   let(:scopes) { '' }
   let(:token)  { Fabricate(:accessible_access_token, resource_owner_id: user.id, scopes: scopes) }
 
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ RSpec.describe Api::V1::AccountsController, type: :controller do
 
   describe 'POST #follow' do
     let(:scopes) { 'write:follows' }
-    let(:other_account) { Fabricate(:user, email: 'bob@example.com', account: Fabricate(:account, username: 'bob', locked: locked)).account }
+    let(:other_account) { Fabricate(:account, username: 'bob', locked: locked) }
 
     context do
       before do
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ RSpec.describe Api::V1::AccountsController, type: :controller do
 
   describe 'POST #unfollow' do
     let(:scopes) { 'write:follows' }
-    let(:other_account) { Fabricate(:user, email: 'bob@example.com', account: Fabricate(:account, username: 'bob')).account }
+    let(:other_account) { Fabricate(:account, username: 'bob') }
 
     before do
       user.account.follow!(other_account)
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ RSpec.describe Api::V1::AccountsController, type: :controller do
 
   describe 'POST #remove_from_followers' do
     let(:scopes) { 'write:follows' }
-    let(:other_account) { Fabricate(:user, email: 'bob@example.com', account: Fabricate(:account, username: 'bob')).account }
+    let(:other_account) { Fabricate(:account, username: 'bob') }
 
     before do
       other_account.follow!(user.account)
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ RSpec.describe Api::V1::AccountsController, type: :controller do
 
   describe 'POST #block' do
     let(:scopes) { 'write:blocks' }
-    let(:other_account) { Fabricate(:user, email: 'bob@example.com', account: Fabricate(:account, username: 'bob')).account }
+    let(:other_account) { Fabricate(:account, username: 'bob') }
 
     before do
       user.account.follow!(other_account)
@@ -214,7 +214,7 @@ RSpec.describe Api::V1::AccountsController, type: :controller do
 
   describe 'POST #unblock' do
     let(:scopes) { 'write:blocks' }
-    let(:other_account) { Fabricate(:user, email: 'bob@example.com', account: Fabricate(:account, username: 'bob')).account }
+    let(:other_account) { Fabricate(:account, username: 'bob') }
 
     before do
       user.account.block!(other_account)
@@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ RSpec.describe Api::V1::AccountsController, type: :controller do
 
   describe 'POST #mute' do
     let(:scopes) { 'write:mutes' }
-    let(:other_account) { Fabricate(:user, email: 'bob@example.com', account: Fabricate(:account, username: 'bob')).account }
+    let(:other_account) { Fabricate(:account, username: 'bob') }
 
     before do
       user.account.follow!(other_account)
@@ -262,7 +262,7 @@ RSpec.describe Api::V1::AccountsController, type: :controller do
 
   describe 'POST #mute with notifications set to false' do
     let(:scopes) { 'write:mutes' }
-    let(:other_account) { Fabricate(:user, email: 'bob@example.com', account: Fabricate(:account, username: 'bob')).account }
+    let(:other_account) { Fabricate(:account, username: 'bob') }
 
     before do
       user.account.follow!(other_account)
@@ -290,7 +290,7 @@ RSpec.describe Api::V1::AccountsController, type: :controller do
 
   describe 'POST #mute with nonzero duration set' do
     let(:scopes) { 'write:mutes' }
-    let(:other_account) { Fabricate(:user, email: 'bob@example.com', account: Fabricate(:account, username: 'bob')).account }
+    let(:other_account) { Fabricate(:account, username: 'bob') }
 
     before do
       user.account.follow!(other_account)
@@ -318,7 +318,7 @@ RSpec.describe Api::V1::AccountsController, type: :controller do
 
   describe 'POST #unmute' do
     let(:scopes) { 'write:mutes' }
-    let(:other_account) { Fabricate(:user, email: 'bob@example.com', account: Fabricate(:account, username: 'bob')).account }
+    let(:other_account) { Fabricate(:account, username: 'bob') }
 
     before do
       user.account.mute!(other_account)
diff --git a/spec/controllers/api/v1/admin/account_actions_controller_spec.rb b/spec/controllers/api/v1/admin/account_actions_controller_spec.rb
index a5a8f4bb0d..601290b824 100644
--- a/spec/controllers/api/v1/admin/account_actions_controller_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/controllers/api/v1/admin/account_actions_controller_spec.rb
@@ -4,10 +4,10 @@ RSpec.describe Api::V1::Admin::AccountActionsController, type: :controller do
   render_views
 
   let(:role)   { 'moderator' }
-  let(:user)   { Fabricate(:user, role: role, account: Fabricate(:account, username: 'alice')) }
+  let(:user)   { Fabricate(:user, role: role) }
   let(:scopes) { 'admin:read admin:write' }
   let(:token)  { Fabricate(:accessible_access_token, resource_owner_id: user.id, scopes: scopes) }
-  let(:account) { Fabricate(:user).account }
+  let(:account) { Fabricate(:account) }
 
   before do
     allow(controller).to receive(:doorkeeper_token) { token }
diff --git a/spec/controllers/api/v1/admin/accounts_controller_spec.rb b/spec/controllers/api/v1/admin/accounts_controller_spec.rb
index f6be35f7f1..bf79ee5202 100644
--- a/spec/controllers/api/v1/admin/accounts_controller_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/controllers/api/v1/admin/accounts_controller_spec.rb
@@ -4,10 +4,10 @@ RSpec.describe Api::V1::Admin::AccountsController, type: :controller do
   render_views
 
   let(:role)   { 'moderator' }
-  let(:user)   { Fabricate(:user, role: role, account: Fabricate(:account, username: 'alice')) }
+  let(:user)   { Fabricate(:user, role: role) }
   let(:scopes) { 'admin:read admin:write' }
   let(:token)  { Fabricate(:accessible_access_token, resource_owner_id: user.id, scopes: scopes) }
-  let(:account) { Fabricate(:user).account }
+  let(:account) { Fabricate(:account) }
 
   before do
     allow(controller).to receive(:doorkeeper_token) { token }
diff --git a/spec/controllers/api/v1/admin/reports_controller_spec.rb b/spec/controllers/api/v1/admin/reports_controller_spec.rb
index 4ed3c5dc4c..b6df53048a 100644
--- a/spec/controllers/api/v1/admin/reports_controller_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/controllers/api/v1/admin/reports_controller_spec.rb
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ RSpec.describe Api::V1::Admin::ReportsController, type: :controller do
   render_views
 
   let(:role)   { 'moderator' }
-  let(:user)   { Fabricate(:user, role: role, account: Fabricate(:account, username: 'alice')) }
+  let(:user)   { Fabricate(:user, role: role) }
   let(:scopes) { 'admin:read admin:write' }
   let(:token)  { Fabricate(:accessible_access_token, resource_owner_id: user.id, scopes: scopes) }
   let(:report) { Fabricate(:report) }
diff --git a/spec/controllers/api/v1/blocks_controller_spec.rb b/spec/controllers/api/v1/blocks_controller_spec.rb
index 818f76c923..0e5c8296d8 100644
--- a/spec/controllers/api/v1/blocks_controller_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/controllers/api/v1/blocks_controller_spec.rb
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 RSpec.describe Api::V1::BlocksController, type: :controller do
   render_views
 
-  let(:user)   { Fabricate(:user, account: Fabricate(:account, username: 'alice')) }
+  let(:user)   { Fabricate(:user) }
   let(:scopes) { 'read:blocks' }
   let(:token)  { Fabricate(:accessible_access_token, resource_owner_id: user.id, scopes: scopes) }
 
diff --git a/spec/controllers/api/v1/conversations_controller_spec.rb b/spec/controllers/api/v1/conversations_controller_spec.rb
index 070f65061b..5add7cf1d4 100644
--- a/spec/controllers/api/v1/conversations_controller_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/controllers/api/v1/conversations_controller_spec.rb
@@ -3,9 +3,9 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 RSpec.describe Api::V1::ConversationsController, type: :controller do
   render_views
 
-  let!(:user) { Fabricate(:user, account: Fabricate(:account, username: 'alice')) }
+  let!(:user) { Fabricate(:user, account_attributes: { username: 'alice' }) }
   let(:token) { Fabricate(:accessible_access_token, resource_owner_id: user.id, scopes: scopes) }
-  let(:other) { Fabricate(:user, account: Fabricate(:account, username: 'bob')) }
+  let(:other) { Fabricate(:user) }
 
   before do
     allow(controller).to receive(:doorkeeper_token) { token }
diff --git a/spec/controllers/api/v1/domain_blocks_controller_spec.rb b/spec/controllers/api/v1/domain_blocks_controller_spec.rb
index 6a7a35c7a5..d9dc1bdbfe 100644
--- a/spec/controllers/api/v1/domain_blocks_controller_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/controllers/api/v1/domain_blocks_controller_spec.rb
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 RSpec.describe Api::V1::DomainBlocksController, type: :controller do
   render_views
 
-  let(:user)  { Fabricate(:user, account: Fabricate(:account, username: 'alice')) }
+  let(:user)  { Fabricate(:user) }
   let(:token) { Fabricate(:accessible_access_token, resource_owner_id: user.id, scopes: scopes) }
 
   before do
diff --git a/spec/controllers/api/v1/follow_requests_controller_spec.rb b/spec/controllers/api/v1/follow_requests_controller_spec.rb
index 1034faa323..856ba2a1c0 100644
--- a/spec/controllers/api/v1/follow_requests_controller_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/controllers/api/v1/follow_requests_controller_spec.rb
@@ -3,9 +3,9 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 RSpec.describe Api::V1::FollowRequestsController, type: :controller do
   render_views
 
-  let(:user)     { Fabricate(:user, account: Fabricate(:account, username: 'alice', locked: true)) }
+  let(:user)     { Fabricate(:user, account_attributes: { locked: true }) }
   let(:token)    { Fabricate(:accessible_access_token, resource_owner_id: user.id, scopes: scopes) }
-  let(:follower) { Fabricate(:account, username: 'bob') }
+  let(:follower) { Fabricate(:account) }
 
   before do
     FollowService.new.call(follower, user.account)
diff --git a/spec/controllers/api/v1/instances_controller_spec.rb b/spec/controllers/api/v1/instances_controller_spec.rb
index 7397d25d6b..842669d965 100644
--- a/spec/controllers/api/v1/instances_controller_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/controllers/api/v1/instances_controller_spec.rb
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 RSpec.describe Api::V1::InstancesController, type: :controller do
   render_views
 
-  let(:user)  { Fabricate(:user, account: Fabricate(:account, username: 'alice')) }
+  let(:user)  { Fabricate(:user) }
   let(:token) { Fabricate(:accessible_access_token, resource_owner_id: user.id) }
 
   before do
diff --git a/spec/controllers/api/v1/lists/accounts_controller_spec.rb b/spec/controllers/api/v1/lists/accounts_controller_spec.rb
index 08c22de568..526d8b5616 100644
--- a/spec/controllers/api/v1/lists/accounts_controller_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/controllers/api/v1/lists/accounts_controller_spec.rb
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 describe Api::V1::Lists::AccountsController do
   render_views
 
-  let(:user)  { Fabricate(:user, account: Fabricate(:account, username: 'alice')) }
+  let(:user)  { Fabricate(:user) }
   let(:token) { Fabricate(:accessible_access_token, resource_owner_id: user.id, scopes: scopes) }
   let(:list)  { Fabricate(:list, account: user.account) }
 
diff --git a/spec/controllers/api/v1/lists_controller_spec.rb b/spec/controllers/api/v1/lists_controller_spec.rb
index e92213789a..71a8094e68 100644
--- a/spec/controllers/api/v1/lists_controller_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/controllers/api/v1/lists_controller_spec.rb
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 RSpec.describe Api::V1::ListsController, type: :controller do
   render_views
 
-  let!(:user)  { Fabricate(:user, account: Fabricate(:account, username: 'alice')) }
+  let!(:user)  { Fabricate(:user) }
   let!(:token) { Fabricate(:accessible_access_token, resource_owner_id: user.id, scopes: scopes) }
   let!(:list)  { Fabricate(:list, account: user.account) }
 
diff --git a/spec/controllers/api/v1/markers_controller_spec.rb b/spec/controllers/api/v1/markers_controller_spec.rb
index 556a75b9b1..ba0f3c3221 100644
--- a/spec/controllers/api/v1/markers_controller_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/controllers/api/v1/markers_controller_spec.rb
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 RSpec.describe Api::V1::MarkersController, type: :controller do
   render_views
 
-  let!(:user)  { Fabricate(:user, account: Fabricate(:account, username: 'alice')) }
+  let!(:user)  { Fabricate(:user) }
   let!(:token) { Fabricate(:accessible_access_token, resource_owner_id: user.id, scopes: 'read:statuses write:statuses') }
 
   before { allow(controller).to receive(:doorkeeper_token) { token } }
diff --git a/spec/controllers/api/v1/media_controller_spec.rb b/spec/controllers/api/v1/media_controller_spec.rb
index 3eb015a1ca..d8d7326302 100644
--- a/spec/controllers/api/v1/media_controller_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/controllers/api/v1/media_controller_spec.rb
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 RSpec.describe Api::V1::MediaController, type: :controller do
   render_views
 
-  let(:user)  { Fabricate(:user, account: Fabricate(:account, username: 'alice')) }
+  let(:user)  { Fabricate(:user) }
   let(:token) { Fabricate(:accessible_access_token, resource_owner_id: user.id, scopes: 'write:media') }
 
   before do
diff --git a/spec/controllers/api/v1/mutes_controller_spec.rb b/spec/controllers/api/v1/mutes_controller_spec.rb
index a2b814a690..8176815d4e 100644
--- a/spec/controllers/api/v1/mutes_controller_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/controllers/api/v1/mutes_controller_spec.rb
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 RSpec.describe Api::V1::MutesController, type: :controller do
   render_views
 
-  let(:user)   { Fabricate(:user, account: Fabricate(:account, username: 'alice')) }
+  let(:user)   { Fabricate(:user) }
   let(:scopes) { 'read:mutes' }
   let(:token)  { Fabricate(:accessible_access_token, resource_owner_id: user.id, scopes: scopes) }
 
diff --git a/spec/controllers/api/v1/notifications_controller_spec.rb b/spec/controllers/api/v1/notifications_controller_spec.rb
index 5a0b24bbf8..f8df6589f1 100644
--- a/spec/controllers/api/v1/notifications_controller_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/controllers/api/v1/notifications_controller_spec.rb
@@ -3,10 +3,10 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 RSpec.describe Api::V1::NotificationsController, type: :controller do
   render_views
 
-  let(:user)  { Fabricate(:user, account: Fabricate(:account, username: 'alice')) }
+  let(:user)  { Fabricate(:user, account_attributes: { username: 'alice' }) }
   let(:token) { Fabricate(:accessible_access_token, resource_owner_id: user.id, scopes: scopes) }
-  let(:other) { Fabricate(:user, account: Fabricate(:account, username: 'bob')) }
-  let(:third) { Fabricate(:user, account: Fabricate(:account, username: 'carol')) }
+  let(:other) { Fabricate(:user) }
+  let(:third) { Fabricate(:user) }
 
   before do
     allow(controller).to receive(:doorkeeper_token) { token }
diff --git a/spec/controllers/api/v1/polls/votes_controller_spec.rb b/spec/controllers/api/v1/polls/votes_controller_spec.rb
index 0ee3aa040c..d7a9c19704 100644
--- a/spec/controllers/api/v1/polls/votes_controller_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/controllers/api/v1/polls/votes_controller_spec.rb
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 RSpec.describe Api::V1::Polls::VotesController, type: :controller do
   render_views
 
-  let(:user)   { Fabricate(:user, account: Fabricate(:account, username: 'alice')) }
+  let(:user)   { Fabricate(:user) }
   let(:scopes) { 'write:statuses' }
   let(:token)  { Fabricate(:accessible_access_token, resource_owner_id: user.id, scopes: scopes) }
 
diff --git a/spec/controllers/api/v1/polls_controller_spec.rb b/spec/controllers/api/v1/polls_controller_spec.rb
index 851bccb7e2..f0d9eaf92d 100644
--- a/spec/controllers/api/v1/polls_controller_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/controllers/api/v1/polls_controller_spec.rb
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 RSpec.describe Api::V1::PollsController, type: :controller do
   render_views
 
-  let(:user)   { Fabricate(:user, account: Fabricate(:account, username: 'alice')) }
+  let(:user)   { Fabricate(:user) }
   let(:scopes) { 'read:statuses' }
   let(:token)  { Fabricate(:accessible_access_token, resource_owner_id: user.id, scopes: scopes) }
 
diff --git a/spec/controllers/api/v1/reports_controller_spec.rb b/spec/controllers/api/v1/reports_controller_spec.rb
index a3596cf8a0..a13de13706 100644
--- a/spec/controllers/api/v1/reports_controller_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/controllers/api/v1/reports_controller_spec.rb
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 RSpec.describe Api::V1::ReportsController, type: :controller do
   render_views
 
-  let(:user)  { Fabricate(:user, account: Fabricate(:account, username: 'alice')) }
+  let(:user)  { Fabricate(:user) }
   let(:token) { Fabricate(:accessible_access_token, resource_owner_id: user.id, scopes: scopes) }
 
   before do
diff --git a/spec/controllers/api/v1/statuses/bookmarks_controller_spec.rb b/spec/controllers/api/v1/statuses/bookmarks_controller_spec.rb
index 7c75a4f738..46d7b6c0a5 100644
--- a/spec/controllers/api/v1/statuses/bookmarks_controller_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/controllers/api/v1/statuses/bookmarks_controller_spec.rb
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 describe Api::V1::Statuses::BookmarksController do
   render_views
 
-  let(:user)  { Fabricate(:user, account: Fabricate(:account, username: 'alice')) }
+  let(:user)  { Fabricate(:user) }
   let(:app)   { Fabricate(:application, name: 'Test app', website: 'http://testapp.com') }
   let(:token) { Fabricate(:accessible_access_token, resource_owner_id: user.id, scopes: 'write:bookmarks', application: app) }
 
diff --git a/spec/controllers/api/v1/statuses/favourited_by_accounts_controller_spec.rb b/spec/controllers/api/v1/statuses/favourited_by_accounts_controller_spec.rb
index f053ae5738..439a4738df 100644
--- a/spec/controllers/api/v1/statuses/favourited_by_accounts_controller_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/controllers/api/v1/statuses/favourited_by_accounts_controller_spec.rb
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 RSpec.describe Api::V1::Statuses::FavouritedByAccountsController, type: :controller do
   render_views
 
-  let(:user)  { Fabricate(:user, account: Fabricate(:account, username: 'alice')) }
+  let(:user)  { Fabricate(:user) }
   let(:app)   { Fabricate(:application, name: 'Test app', website: 'http://testapp.com') }
   let(:token) { Fabricate(:accessible_access_token, resource_owner_id: user.id, application: app, scopes: 'read:accounts') }
   let(:alice) { Fabricate(:account) }
diff --git a/spec/controllers/api/v1/statuses/favourites_controller_spec.rb b/spec/controllers/api/v1/statuses/favourites_controller_spec.rb
index 4716ecae3c..609957e3ef 100644
--- a/spec/controllers/api/v1/statuses/favourites_controller_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/controllers/api/v1/statuses/favourites_controller_spec.rb
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 describe Api::V1::Statuses::FavouritesController do
   render_views
 
-  let(:user)  { Fabricate(:user, account: Fabricate(:account, username: 'alice')) }
+  let(:user)  { Fabricate(:user) }
   let(:app)   { Fabricate(:application, name: 'Test app', website: 'http://testapp.com') }
   let(:token) { Fabricate(:accessible_access_token, resource_owner_id: user.id, scopes: 'write:favourites', application: app) }
 
diff --git a/spec/controllers/api/v1/statuses/histories_controller_spec.rb b/spec/controllers/api/v1/statuses/histories_controller_spec.rb
index 8d9d6a3591..00677f1d2c 100644
--- a/spec/controllers/api/v1/statuses/histories_controller_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/controllers/api/v1/statuses/histories_controller_spec.rb
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 describe Api::V1::Statuses::HistoriesController do
   render_views
 
-  let(:user)  { Fabricate(:user, account: Fabricate(:account, username: 'alice')) }
+  let(:user)  { Fabricate(:user) }
   let(:app)   { Fabricate(:application, name: 'Test app', website: 'http://testapp.com') }
   let(:token) { Fabricate(:accessible_access_token, resource_owner_id: user.id, scopes: 'read:statuses', application: app) }
 
diff --git a/spec/controllers/api/v1/statuses/mutes_controller_spec.rb b/spec/controllers/api/v1/statuses/mutes_controller_spec.rb
index 966398580d..bffa9fe0d9 100644
--- a/spec/controllers/api/v1/statuses/mutes_controller_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/controllers/api/v1/statuses/mutes_controller_spec.rb
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 describe Api::V1::Statuses::MutesController do
   render_views
 
-  let(:user)  { Fabricate(:user, account: Fabricate(:account, username: 'alice')) }
+  let(:user)  { Fabricate(:user) }
   let(:app)   { Fabricate(:application, name: 'Test app', website: 'http://testapp.com') }
   let(:token) { Fabricate(:accessible_access_token, resource_owner_id: user.id, scopes: 'write:mutes', application: app) }
 
diff --git a/spec/controllers/api/v1/statuses/pins_controller_spec.rb b/spec/controllers/api/v1/statuses/pins_controller_spec.rb
index 13405d285d..8bdaf8b548 100644
--- a/spec/controllers/api/v1/statuses/pins_controller_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/controllers/api/v1/statuses/pins_controller_spec.rb
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 describe Api::V1::Statuses::PinsController do
   render_views
 
-  let(:user)  { Fabricate(:user, account: Fabricate(:account, username: 'alice')) }
+  let(:user)  { Fabricate(:user) }
   let(:app)   { Fabricate(:application, name: 'Test app', website: 'http://testapp.com') }
   let(:token) { Fabricate(:accessible_access_token, resource_owner_id: user.id, scopes: 'write:accounts', application: app) }
 
diff --git a/spec/controllers/api/v1/statuses/reblogged_by_accounts_controller_spec.rb b/spec/controllers/api/v1/statuses/reblogged_by_accounts_controller_spec.rb
index 60908b7b38..31320349df 100644
--- a/spec/controllers/api/v1/statuses/reblogged_by_accounts_controller_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/controllers/api/v1/statuses/reblogged_by_accounts_controller_spec.rb
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 RSpec.describe Api::V1::Statuses::RebloggedByAccountsController, type: :controller do
   render_views
 
-  let(:user)  { Fabricate(:user, account: Fabricate(:account, username: 'alice')) }
+  let(:user)  { Fabricate(:user) }
   let(:app)   { Fabricate(:application, name: 'Test app', website: 'http://testapp.com') }
   let(:token) { Fabricate(:accessible_access_token, resource_owner_id: user.id, application: app, scopes: 'read:accounts') }
   let(:alice) { Fabricate(:account) }
diff --git a/spec/controllers/api/v1/statuses/reblogs_controller_spec.rb b/spec/controllers/api/v1/statuses/reblogs_controller_spec.rb
index f1d3d949c4..6eac02b232 100644
--- a/spec/controllers/api/v1/statuses/reblogs_controller_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/controllers/api/v1/statuses/reblogs_controller_spec.rb
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 describe Api::V1::Statuses::ReblogsController do
   render_views
 
-  let(:user)  { Fabricate(:user, account: Fabricate(:account, username: 'alice')) }
+  let(:user)  { Fabricate(:user) }
   let(:app)   { Fabricate(:application, name: 'Test app', website: 'http://testapp.com') }
   let(:token) { Fabricate(:accessible_access_token, resource_owner_id: user.id, scopes: 'write:statuses', application: app) }
 
diff --git a/spec/controllers/api/v1/statuses/sources_controller_spec.rb b/spec/controllers/api/v1/statuses/sources_controller_spec.rb
index 293c90ec9c..fbe6fa0be6 100644
--- a/spec/controllers/api/v1/statuses/sources_controller_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/controllers/api/v1/statuses/sources_controller_spec.rb
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 describe Api::V1::Statuses::SourcesController do
   render_views
 
-  let(:user)  { Fabricate(:user, account: Fabricate(:account, username: 'alice')) }
+  let(:user)  { Fabricate(:user) }
   let(:app)   { Fabricate(:application, name: 'Test app', website: 'http://testapp.com') }
   let(:token) { Fabricate(:accessible_access_token, resource_owner_id: user.id, scopes: 'read:statuses', application: app) }
 
diff --git a/spec/controllers/api/v1/statuses_controller_spec.rb b/spec/controllers/api/v1/statuses_controller_spec.rb
index df80370385..2679ab017e 100644
--- a/spec/controllers/api/v1/statuses_controller_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/controllers/api/v1/statuses_controller_spec.rb
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 RSpec.describe Api::V1::StatusesController, type: :controller do
   render_views
 
-  let(:user)  { Fabricate(:user, account: Fabricate(:account, username: 'alice')) }
+  let(:user)  { Fabricate(:user) }
   let(:app)   { Fabricate(:application, name: 'Test app', website: 'http://testapp.com') }
   let(:token) { Fabricate(:accessible_access_token, resource_owner_id: user.id, application: app, scopes: scopes) }
 
diff --git a/spec/controllers/api/v1/timelines/home_controller_spec.rb b/spec/controllers/api/v1/timelines/home_controller_spec.rb
index e953e46495..131c2d92fa 100644
--- a/spec/controllers/api/v1/timelines/home_controller_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/controllers/api/v1/timelines/home_controller_spec.rb
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 describe Api::V1::Timelines::HomeController do
   render_views
 
-  let(:user) { Fabricate(:user, account: Fabricate(:account, username: 'alice'), current_sign_in_at: 1.day.ago) }
+  let(:user) { Fabricate(:user, current_sign_in_at: 1.day.ago) }
 
   before do
     allow(controller).to receive(:doorkeeper_token) { token }
diff --git a/spec/controllers/api/v1/timelines/list_controller_spec.rb b/spec/controllers/api/v1/timelines/list_controller_spec.rb
index 45e4bf34c8..526c66a058 100644
--- a/spec/controllers/api/v1/timelines/list_controller_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/controllers/api/v1/timelines/list_controller_spec.rb
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 describe Api::V1::Timelines::ListController do
   render_views
 
-  let(:user) { Fabricate(:user, account: Fabricate(:account, username: 'alice')) }
+  let(:user) { Fabricate(:user) }
   let(:list) { Fabricate(:list, account: user.account) }
 
   before do
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ describe Api::V1::Timelines::ListController do
   end
 
   context 'with the wrong user context' do
-    let(:other_user) { Fabricate(:user, account: Fabricate(:account, username: 'bob')) }
+    let(:other_user) { Fabricate(:user) }
     let(:token)      { Fabricate(:accessible_access_token, resource_owner_id: other_user.id, scopes: 'read') }
 
     describe 'GET #show' do
diff --git a/spec/controllers/api/v1/timelines/public_controller_spec.rb b/spec/controllers/api/v1/timelines/public_controller_spec.rb
index b8e9d86748..0892d5db64 100644
--- a/spec/controllers/api/v1/timelines/public_controller_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/controllers/api/v1/timelines/public_controller_spec.rb
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 describe Api::V1::Timelines::PublicController do
   render_views
 
-  let(:user) { Fabricate(:user, account: Fabricate(:account, username: 'alice')) }
+  let(:user) { Fabricate(:user) }
 
   before do
     allow(controller).to receive(:doorkeeper_token) { token }
diff --git a/spec/controllers/api/v1/timelines/tag_controller_spec.rb b/spec/controllers/api/v1/timelines/tag_controller_spec.rb
index f71ca2a399..7189110833 100644
--- a/spec/controllers/api/v1/timelines/tag_controller_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/controllers/api/v1/timelines/tag_controller_spec.rb
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 describe Api::V1::Timelines::TagController do
   render_views
 
-  let(:user) { Fabricate(:user, account: Fabricate(:account, username: 'alice')) }
+  let(:user) { Fabricate(:user) }
 
   before do
     allow(controller).to receive(:doorkeeper_token) { token }
diff --git a/spec/controllers/api/v2/search_controller_spec.rb b/spec/controllers/api/v2/search_controller_spec.rb
index 8ee8753ded..fa20e1e51f 100644
--- a/spec/controllers/api/v2/search_controller_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/controllers/api/v2/search_controller_spec.rb
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 RSpec.describe Api::V2::SearchController, type: :controller do
   render_views
 
-  let(:user)  { Fabricate(:user, account: Fabricate(:account, username: 'alice')) }
+  let(:user)  { Fabricate(:user) }
   let(:token) { Fabricate(:accessible_access_token, resource_owner_id: user.id, scopes: 'read:search') }
 
   before do
diff --git a/spec/controllers/application_controller_spec.rb b/spec/controllers/application_controller_spec.rb
index 881ecb1244..a6a6871f7a 100644
--- a/spec/controllers/application_controller_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/controllers/application_controller_spec.rb
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ describe ApplicationController, type: :controller do
 
     it 'returns account if signed in' do
       account = Fabricate(:account)
-      sign_in(Fabricate(:user, account: account))
+      sign_in(account.user)
       expect(controller.view_context.current_account).to eq account
     end
   end
@@ -168,13 +168,13 @@ describe ApplicationController, type: :controller do
     end
 
     it 'does nothing if user who signed in is not suspended' do
-      sign_in(Fabricate(:user, account: Fabricate(:account, suspended: false)))
+      sign_in(Fabricate(:account, suspended: false).user)
       get 'success'
       expect(response).to have_http_status(200)
     end
 
     it 'redirects to account status page' do
-      sign_in(Fabricate(:user, account: Fabricate(:account, suspended: true)))
+      sign_in(Fabricate(:account, suspended: true).user)
       get 'success'
       expect(response).to redirect_to(edit_user_registration_path)
     end
diff --git a/spec/controllers/auth/registrations_controller_spec.rb b/spec/controllers/auth/registrations_controller_spec.rb
index ccf304a930..0ebf6641fa 100644
--- a/spec/controllers/auth/registrations_controller_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/controllers/auth/registrations_controller_spec.rb
@@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ RSpec.describe Auth::RegistrationsController, type: :controller do
     end
 
     it 'does nothing if user already exists' do
-      Fabricate(:user, account: Fabricate(:account, username: 'test'))
+      Fabricate(:account, username: 'test')
       subject
     end
 
diff --git a/spec/controllers/auth/sessions_controller_spec.rb b/spec/controllers/auth/sessions_controller_spec.rb
index 2368cc2bfb..64ec7b7946 100644
--- a/spec/controllers/auth/sessions_controller_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/controllers/auth/sessions_controller_spec.rb
@@ -37,8 +37,11 @@ RSpec.describe Auth::SessionsController, type: :controller do
     end
 
     context 'with a suspended user' do
+      before do
+        user.account.suspend!
+      end
+
       it 'redirects to home after sign out' do
-        Fabricate(:account, user: user, suspended: true)
         sign_in(user, scope: :user)
         delete :destroy
 
@@ -78,8 +81,8 @@ RSpec.describe Auth::SessionsController, type: :controller do
       end
 
       context 'using a valid email and existing user' do
-        let(:user) do
-          account = Fabricate.build(:account, username: 'pam_user1')
+        let!(:user) do
+          account = Fabricate.build(:account, username: 'pam_user1', user: nil)
           account.save!(validate: false)
           user = Fabricate(:user, email: 'pam@example.com', password: nil, account: account, external: true)
           user
diff --git a/spec/controllers/authorize_interactions_controller_spec.rb b/spec/controllers/authorize_interactions_controller_spec.rb
index b4ce30cd7f..99f3f6ffc6 100644
--- a/spec/controllers/authorize_interactions_controller_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/controllers/authorize_interactions_controller_spec.rb
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ describe AuthorizeInteractionsController do
 
     describe 'when signed in' do
       let(:user) { Fabricate(:user) }
-      let(:account) { Fabricate(:account, user: user) }
 
       before do
         sign_in(user)
@@ -76,7 +75,7 @@ describe AuthorizeInteractionsController do
 
     describe 'when signed in' do
       let!(:user) { Fabricate(:user) }
-      let!(:account) { user.account }
+      let(:account) { user.account }
 
       before do
         sign_in(user)
diff --git a/spec/controllers/concerns/account_controller_concern_spec.rb b/spec/controllers/concerns/account_controller_concern_spec.rb
index 7ea214a7d3..8356454146 100644
--- a/spec/controllers/concerns/account_controller_concern_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/controllers/concerns/account_controller_concern_spec.rb
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ describe ApplicationController, type: :controller do
 
   context 'when account is suspended' do
     it 'returns http gone' do
-      account = Fabricate(:account, suspended: true, user: Fabricate(:user))
+      account = Fabricate(:account, suspended: true)
       get 'success', params: { account_username: account.username }
       expect(response).to have_http_status(410)
     end
@@ -33,19 +33,19 @@ describe ApplicationController, type: :controller do
 
   context 'when account is not suspended' do
     it 'assigns @account' do
-      account = Fabricate(:account, user: Fabricate(:user))
+      account = Fabricate(:account)
       get 'success', params: { account_username: account.username }
       expect(assigns(:account)).to eq account
     end
 
     it 'sets link headers' do
-      account = Fabricate(:account, username: 'username', user: Fabricate(:user))
+      account = Fabricate(:account, username: 'username')
       get 'success', params: { account_username: 'username' }
       expect(response.headers['Link'].to_s).to eq '<http://test.host/.well-known/webfinger?resource=acct%3Ausername%40cb6e6126.ngrok.io>; rel="lrdd"; type="application/jrd+json", <https://cb6e6126.ngrok.io/users/username>; rel="alternate"; type="application/activity+json"'
     end
 
     it 'returns http success' do
-      account = Fabricate(:account, user: Fabricate(:user))
+      account = Fabricate(:account)
       get 'success', params: { account_username: account.username }
       expect(response).to have_http_status(200)
     end
diff --git a/spec/controllers/concerns/accountable_concern_spec.rb b/spec/controllers/concerns/accountable_concern_spec.rb
index e3c06b4947..5c5180bc24 100644
--- a/spec/controllers/concerns/accountable_concern_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/controllers/concerns/accountable_concern_spec.rb
@@ -12,14 +12,14 @@ RSpec.describe AccountableConcern do
     end
   end
 
-  let(:user)   { Fabricate(:user, account: Fabricate(:account)) }
-  let(:target) { Fabricate(:user, account: Fabricate(:account)) }
-  let(:hoge)   { Hoge.new(user.account) }
+  let(:user)   { Fabricate(:account) }
+  let(:target) { Fabricate(:account) }
+  let(:hoge)   { Hoge.new(user) }
 
   describe '#log_action' do
     it 'creates Admin::ActionLog' do
       expect do
-        hoge.log_action(:create, target.account)
+        hoge.log_action(:create, target)
       end.to change { Admin::ActionLog.count }.by(1)
     end
   end
diff --git a/spec/controllers/follower_accounts_controller_spec.rb b/spec/controllers/follower_accounts_controller_spec.rb
index 0062741691..eb095cf30c 100644
--- a/spec/controllers/follower_accounts_controller_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/controllers/follower_accounts_controller_spec.rb
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 describe FollowerAccountsController do
   render_views
 
-  let(:alice) { Fabricate(:user).account }
+  let(:alice) { Fabricate(:account) }
   let(:follower0) { Fabricate(:account) }
   let(:follower1) { Fabricate(:account) }
 
diff --git a/spec/controllers/following_accounts_controller_spec.rb b/spec/controllers/following_accounts_controller_spec.rb
index 7ec0e3d069..af5ce07870 100644
--- a/spec/controllers/following_accounts_controller_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/controllers/following_accounts_controller_spec.rb
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 describe FollowingAccountsController do
   render_views
 
-  let(:alice) { Fabricate(:user).account }
+  let(:alice) { Fabricate(:account) }
   let(:followee0) { Fabricate(:account) }
   let(:followee1) { Fabricate(:account) }
 
diff --git a/spec/controllers/settings/deletes_controller_spec.rb b/spec/controllers/settings/deletes_controller_spec.rb
index 92ab401c96..cd36ecc35e 100644
--- a/spec/controllers/settings/deletes_controller_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/controllers/settings/deletes_controller_spec.rb
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ describe Settings::DeletesController do
       end
 
       context 'when suspended' do
-        let(:user) { Fabricate(:user, account_attributes: { username: 'alice', suspended_at: Time.now.utc }) }
+        let(:user) { Fabricate(:user, account_attributes: { suspended_at: Time.now.utc }) }
 
         it 'returns http forbidden' do
           get :show
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ describe Settings::DeletesController do
         end
 
         context 'when suspended' do
-          let(:user) { Fabricate(:user, account_attributes: { username: 'alice', suspended_at: Time.now.utc }) }
+          let(:user) { Fabricate(:user, account_attributes: { suspended_at: Time.now.utc }) }
 
           it 'returns http forbidden' do
             expect(response).to have_http_status(403)
diff --git a/spec/controllers/settings/migrations_controller_spec.rb b/spec/controllers/settings/migrations_controller_spec.rb
index 048d9de8d2..35c5747a06 100644
--- a/spec/controllers/settings/migrations_controller_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/controllers/settings/migrations_controller_spec.rb
@@ -19,8 +19,7 @@ describe Settings::MigrationsController do
     context 'when user is sign in' do
       subject { get :show }
 
-      let(:user) { Fabricate(:user, account: account) }
-      let(:account) { Fabricate(:account, moved_to_account: moved_to_account) }
+      let(:user) { Fabricate(:account, moved_to_account: moved_to_account).user }
 
       before { sign_in user, scope: :user }
 
diff --git a/spec/controllers/settings/profiles_controller_spec.rb b/spec/controllers/settings/profiles_controller_spec.rb
index 1ac286254f..ee3aec8156 100644
--- a/spec/controllers/settings/profiles_controller_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/controllers/settings/profiles_controller_spec.rb
@@ -3,9 +3,11 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 RSpec.describe Settings::ProfilesController, type: :controller do
   render_views
 
+  let!(:user) { Fabricate(:user) }
+  let(:account) { user.account }
+
   before do
-    @user = Fabricate(:user)
-    sign_in @user, scope: :user
+    sign_in user, scope: :user
   end
 
   describe "GET #show" do
@@ -16,10 +18,12 @@ RSpec.describe Settings::ProfilesController, type: :controller do
   end
 
   describe 'PUT #update' do
+    before do
+      user.account.update(display_name: 'Old name')
+    end
+
     it 'updates the user profile' do
       allow(ActivityPub::UpdateDistributionWorker).to receive(:perform_async)
-      account = Fabricate(:account, user: @user, display_name: 'Old name')
-
       put :update, params: { account: { display_name: 'New name' } }
       expect(account.reload.display_name).to eq 'New name'
       expect(response).to redirect_to(settings_profile_path)
@@ -30,7 +34,6 @@ RSpec.describe Settings::ProfilesController, type: :controller do
   describe 'PUT #update with new profile image' do
     it 'updates profile image' do
       allow(ActivityPub::UpdateDistributionWorker).to receive(:perform_async)
-      account = Fabricate(:account, user: @user, display_name: 'AvatarTest')
       expect(account.avatar.instance.avatar_file_name).to be_nil
 
       put :update, params: { account: { avatar: fixture_file_upload('avatar.gif', 'image/gif') } }
@@ -43,7 +46,6 @@ RSpec.describe Settings::ProfilesController, type: :controller do
   describe 'PUT #update with oversized image' do
     it 'gives the user an error message' do
       allow(ActivityPub::UpdateDistributionWorker).to receive(:perform_async)
-      account = Fabricate(:account, user: @user, display_name: 'AvatarTest')
       put :update, params: { account: { avatar: fixture_file_upload('4096x4097.png', 'image/png') } }
       expect(response.body).to include('images are not supported')
     end
diff --git a/spec/fabricators/account_fabricator.rb b/spec/fabricators/account_fabricator.rb
index ab900c5fa0..f1cce281ca 100644
--- a/spec/fabricators/account_fabricator.rb
+++ b/spec/fabricators/account_fabricator.rb
@@ -10,4 +10,5 @@ Fabricator(:account) do
   private_key         { private_key }
   suspended_at        { |attrs| attrs[:suspended] ? Time.now.utc : nil }
   silenced_at         { |attrs| attrs[:silenced] ? Time.now.utc : nil }
+  user                { |attrs| attrs[:domain].nil? ? Fabricate.build(:user, account: nil) : nil }
 end
diff --git a/spec/fabricators/user_fabricator.rb b/spec/fabricators/user_fabricator.rb
index 8f59565016..10ad2c53a3 100644
--- a/spec/fabricators/user_fabricator.rb
+++ b/spec/fabricators/user_fabricator.rb
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 Fabricator(:user) do
-  account
+  account      { Fabricate.build(:account, user: nil) }
   email        { sequence(:email) { |i| "#{i}#{Faker::Internet.email}" } }
   password     "123456789"
   confirmed_at { Time.zone.now }
diff --git a/spec/mailers/admin_mailer_spec.rb b/spec/mailers/admin_mailer_spec.rb
index 4a8ef7b5ea..29fb586a34 100644
--- a/spec/mailers/admin_mailer_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/mailers/admin_mailer_spec.rb
@@ -4,11 +4,15 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 
 RSpec.describe AdminMailer, type: :mailer do
   describe '.new_report' do
-    let(:sender)    { Fabricate(:account, username: 'John', user: Fabricate(:user)) }
-    let(:recipient) { Fabricate(:account, username: 'Mike', user: Fabricate(:user, locale: :en)) }
+    let(:sender)    { Fabricate(:account, username: 'John') }
+    let(:recipient) { Fabricate(:account, username: 'Mike') }
     let(:report)    { Fabricate(:report, account: sender, target_account: recipient) }
     let(:mail)      { described_class.new_report(recipient, report) }
 
+    before do
+      recipient.user.update(locale: :en)
+    end
+
     it 'renders the headers' do
       expect(mail.subject).to eq("New report for cb6e6126.ngrok.io (##{report.id})")
       expect(mail.to).to eq [recipient.user_email]
diff --git a/spec/mailers/notification_mailer_spec.rb b/spec/mailers/notification_mailer_spec.rb
index 9b645bad89..2ca4e26fa8 100644
--- a/spec/mailers/notification_mailer_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/mailers/notification_mailer_spec.rb
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 require "rails_helper"
 
 RSpec.describe NotificationMailer, type: :mailer do
-  let(:receiver)       { Fabricate(:user, account: Fabricate(:account, username: 'alice')) }
+  let(:receiver)       { Fabricate(:user) }
   let(:sender)         { Fabricate(:account, username: 'bob') }
   let(:foreign_status) { Fabricate(:status, account: sender, text: 'The body of the foreign status') }
   let(:own_status)     { Fabricate(:status, account: receiver.account, text: 'The body of the own status') }
diff --git a/spec/models/account_spec.rb b/spec/models/account_spec.rb
index 65e6714c0e..681134d498 100644
--- a/spec/models/account_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/models/account_spec.rb
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ RSpec.describe Account, type: :model do
       end
 
       context 'when the account is of a local user' do
-        let!(:subject) { Fabricate(:account, user: Fabricate(:user, email: 'foo+bar@domain.org')) }
+        let!(:subject) { Fabricate(:user, email: 'foo+bar@domain.org').account }
 
         it 'creates a canonical domain block' do
           subject.suspend!
diff --git a/spec/models/admin/account_action_spec.rb b/spec/models/admin/account_action_spec.rb
index 2366b9ca4a..809c7fc46d 100644
--- a/spec/models/admin/account_action_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/models/admin/account_action_spec.rb
@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@ RSpec.describe Admin::AccountAction, type: :model do
 
   describe '#save!' do
     subject              { account_action.save! }
-    let(:account)        { Fabricate(:account, user: Fabricate(:user, admin: true)) }
-    let(:target_account) { Fabricate(:account, user: Fabricate(:user)) }
+    let(:account)        { Fabricate(:user, admin: true).account }
+    let(:target_account) { Fabricate(:account) }
     let(:type)           { 'disable' }
 
     before do
diff --git a/spec/models/public_feed_spec.rb b/spec/models/public_feed_spec.rb
index c251953a4c..23cc3ceea1 100644
--- a/spec/models/public_feed_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/models/public_feed_spec.rb
@@ -31,7 +31,6 @@ RSpec.describe PublicFeed, type: :model do
     end
 
     it 'filters out silenced accounts' do
-      account = Fabricate(:account)
       silenced_account = Fabricate(:account, silenced: true)
       status = Fabricate(:status, account: account)
       silenced_status = Fabricate(:status, account: silenced_account)
@@ -238,8 +237,7 @@ RSpec.describe PublicFeed, type: :model do
 
       context 'with language preferences' do
         it 'excludes statuses in languages not allowed by the account user' do
-          user = Fabricate(:user, chosen_languages: [:en, :es])
-          @account.update(user: user)
+          @account.user.update(chosen_languages: [:en, :es])
           en_status = Fabricate(:status, language: 'en')
           es_status = Fabricate(:status, language: 'es')
           fr_status = Fabricate(:status, language: 'fr')
@@ -250,8 +248,7 @@ RSpec.describe PublicFeed, type: :model do
         end
 
         it 'includes all languages when user does not have a setting' do
-          user = Fabricate(:user, chosen_languages: nil)
-          @account.update(user: user)
+          @account.user.update(chosen_languages: nil)
 
           en_status = Fabricate(:status, language: 'en')
           es_status = Fabricate(:status, language: 'es')
@@ -261,7 +258,8 @@ RSpec.describe PublicFeed, type: :model do
         end
 
         it 'includes all languages when account does not have a user' do
-          expect(@account.user).to be_nil
+          @account.update(user: nil)
+
           en_status = Fabricate(:status, language: 'en')
           es_status = Fabricate(:status, language: 'es')
 
diff --git a/spec/models/user_spec.rb b/spec/models/user_spec.rb
index 54bb6db7f9..406438c220 100644
--- a/spec/models/user_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/models/user_spec.rb
@@ -194,12 +194,12 @@ RSpec.describe User, type: :model do
     end
 
     it "returns 'private' if user has not configured default privacy setting and account is locked" do
-      user = Fabricate(:user, account: Fabricate(:account, locked: true))
+      user = Fabricate(:account, locked: true).user
       expect(user.setting_default_privacy).to eq 'private'
     end
 
     it "returns 'public' if user has not configured default privacy setting and account is not locked" do
-      user = Fabricate(:user, account: Fabricate(:account, locked: false))
+      user = Fabricate(:account, locked: false).user
       expect(user.setting_default_privacy).to eq 'public'
     end
   end
@@ -248,7 +248,7 @@ RSpec.describe User, type: :model do
 
   it_behaves_like 'Settings-extended' do
     def create!
-      User.create!(account: Fabricate(:account), email: 'foo@mastodon.space', password: 'abcd1234', agreement: true)
+      User.create!(account: Fabricate(:account, user: nil), email: 'foo@mastodon.space', password: 'abcd1234', agreement: true)
     end
 
     def fabricate
diff --git a/spec/policies/account_moderation_note_policy_spec.rb b/spec/policies/account_moderation_note_policy_spec.rb
index bb7af94e45..39ec2008ae 100644
--- a/spec/policies/account_moderation_note_policy_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/policies/account_moderation_note_policy_spec.rb
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ require 'pundit/rspec'
 RSpec.describe AccountModerationNotePolicy do
   let(:subject) { described_class }
   let(:admin)   { Fabricate(:user, admin: true).account }
-  let(:john)    { Fabricate(:user).account }
+  let(:john)    { Fabricate(:account) }
 
   permissions :create? do
     context 'staff' do
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ RSpec.describe AccountModerationNotePolicy do
     end
 
     context 'neither admin nor owner' do
-      let(:kevin) { Fabricate(:user).account }
+      let(:kevin) { Fabricate(:account) }
 
       it 'denies to destroy' do
         expect(subject).to_not permit(kevin, account_moderation_note)
diff --git a/spec/policies/account_policy_spec.rb b/spec/policies/account_policy_spec.rb
index 8a5e62c06e..b55eb65a79 100644
--- a/spec/policies/account_policy_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/policies/account_policy_spec.rb
@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ require 'pundit/rspec'
 RSpec.describe AccountPolicy do
   let(:subject) { described_class }
   let(:admin)   { Fabricate(:user, admin: true).account }
-  let(:john)    { Fabricate(:user).account }
-  let(:alice)   { Fabricate(:user).account }
+  let(:john)    { Fabricate(:account) }
+  let(:alice)   { Fabricate(:account) }
 
   permissions :index? do
     context 'staff' do
diff --git a/spec/policies/backup_policy_spec.rb b/spec/policies/backup_policy_spec.rb
index 80407e12f8..6b31c6f7c7 100644
--- a/spec/policies/backup_policy_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/policies/backup_policy_spec.rb
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ require 'pundit/rspec'
 
 RSpec.describe BackupPolicy do
   let(:subject) { described_class }
-  let(:john)    { Fabricate(:user).account }
+  let(:john)    { Fabricate(:account) }
 
   permissions :create? do
     context 'not user_signed_in?' do
diff --git a/spec/policies/custom_emoji_policy_spec.rb b/spec/policies/custom_emoji_policy_spec.rb
index 8def88212f..e4f1af3c1b 100644
--- a/spec/policies/custom_emoji_policy_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/policies/custom_emoji_policy_spec.rb
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ require 'pundit/rspec'
 RSpec.describe CustomEmojiPolicy do
   let(:subject) { described_class }
   let(:admin)   { Fabricate(:user, admin: true).account }
-  let(:john)    { Fabricate(:user).account }
+  let(:john)    { Fabricate(:account) }
 
   permissions :index?, :enable?, :disable? do
     context 'staff' do
diff --git a/spec/policies/domain_block_policy_spec.rb b/spec/policies/domain_block_policy_spec.rb
index aea50ec0fd..b24ed9e3a3 100644
--- a/spec/policies/domain_block_policy_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/policies/domain_block_policy_spec.rb
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ require 'pundit/rspec'
 RSpec.describe DomainBlockPolicy do
   let(:subject) { described_class }
   let(:admin)   { Fabricate(:user, admin: true).account }
-  let(:john)    { Fabricate(:user).account }
+  let(:john)    { Fabricate(:account) }
 
   permissions :index?, :show?, :create?, :destroy? do
     context 'admin' do
diff --git a/spec/policies/email_domain_block_policy_spec.rb b/spec/policies/email_domain_block_policy_spec.rb
index a3e825e078..1ff55af8e6 100644
--- a/spec/policies/email_domain_block_policy_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/policies/email_domain_block_policy_spec.rb
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ require 'pundit/rspec'
 RSpec.describe EmailDomainBlockPolicy do
   let(:subject) { described_class }
   let(:admin)   { Fabricate(:user, admin: true).account }
-  let(:john)    { Fabricate(:user).account }
+  let(:john)    { Fabricate(:account) }
 
   permissions :index?, :create?, :destroy? do
     context 'admin' do
diff --git a/spec/policies/instance_policy_spec.rb b/spec/policies/instance_policy_spec.rb
index 72cf25f568..71ef1fe507 100644
--- a/spec/policies/instance_policy_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/policies/instance_policy_spec.rb
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ require 'pundit/rspec'
 RSpec.describe InstancePolicy do
   let(:subject) { described_class }
   let(:admin)   { Fabricate(:user, admin: true).account }
-  let(:john)    { Fabricate(:user).account }
+  let(:john)    { Fabricate(:account) }
 
   permissions :index?, :show?, :destroy? do
     context 'admin' do
diff --git a/spec/policies/invite_policy_spec.rb b/spec/policies/invite_policy_spec.rb
index e391455be3..1221378047 100644
--- a/spec/policies/invite_policy_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/policies/invite_policy_spec.rb
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ require 'pundit/rspec'
 RSpec.describe InvitePolicy do
   let(:subject) { described_class }
   let(:admin)   { Fabricate(:user, admin: true).account }
-  let(:john)    { Fabricate(:user).account }
+  let(:john)    { Fabricate(:account) }
 
   permissions :index? do
     context 'staff?' do
diff --git a/spec/policies/relay_policy_spec.rb b/spec/policies/relay_policy_spec.rb
index 640f27d547..139d945dc8 100644
--- a/spec/policies/relay_policy_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/policies/relay_policy_spec.rb
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ require 'pundit/rspec'
 RSpec.describe RelayPolicy do
   let(:subject) { described_class }
   let(:admin)   { Fabricate(:user, admin: true).account }
-  let(:john)    { Fabricate(:user).account }
+  let(:john)    { Fabricate(:account) }
 
   permissions :update? do
     context 'admin?' do
diff --git a/spec/policies/report_note_policy_spec.rb b/spec/policies/report_note_policy_spec.rb
index 596d7d7a95..c34f99b712 100644
--- a/spec/policies/report_note_policy_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/policies/report_note_policy_spec.rb
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ require 'pundit/rspec'
 RSpec.describe ReportNotePolicy do
   let(:subject) { described_class }
   let(:admin)   { Fabricate(:user, admin: true).account }
-  let(:john)    { Fabricate(:user).account }
+  let(:john)    { Fabricate(:account) }
 
   permissions :create? do
     context 'staff?' do
diff --git a/spec/policies/report_policy_spec.rb b/spec/policies/report_policy_spec.rb
index c9ae1e87a9..84c366d7f3 100644
--- a/spec/policies/report_policy_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/policies/report_policy_spec.rb
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ require 'pundit/rspec'
 RSpec.describe ReportPolicy do
   let(:subject) { described_class }
   let(:admin)   { Fabricate(:user, admin: true).account }
-  let(:john)    { Fabricate(:user).account }
+  let(:john)    { Fabricate(:account) }
 
   permissions :update?, :index?, :show? do
     context 'staff?' do
diff --git a/spec/policies/settings_policy_spec.rb b/spec/policies/settings_policy_spec.rb
index 92f1f4869a..3fa183c509 100644
--- a/spec/policies/settings_policy_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/policies/settings_policy_spec.rb
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ require 'pundit/rspec'
 RSpec.describe SettingsPolicy do
   let(:subject) { described_class }
   let(:admin)   { Fabricate(:user, admin: true).account }
-  let(:john)    { Fabricate(:user).account }
+  let(:john)    { Fabricate(:account) }
 
   permissions :update?, :show? do
     context 'admin?' do
diff --git a/spec/policies/tag_policy_spec.rb b/spec/policies/tag_policy_spec.rb
index c63875dc08..256e6786a3 100644
--- a/spec/policies/tag_policy_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/policies/tag_policy_spec.rb
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ require 'pundit/rspec'
 RSpec.describe TagPolicy do
   let(:subject) { described_class }
   let(:admin)   { Fabricate(:user, admin: true).account }
-  let(:john)    { Fabricate(:user).account }
+  let(:john)    { Fabricate(:account) }
 
   permissions :index?, :show?, :update? do
     context 'staff?' do
diff --git a/spec/policies/user_policy_spec.rb b/spec/policies/user_policy_spec.rb
index e37904f048..1933ee014f 100644
--- a/spec/policies/user_policy_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/policies/user_policy_spec.rb
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ require 'pundit/rspec'
 RSpec.describe UserPolicy do
   let(:subject) { described_class }
   let(:admin)   { Fabricate(:user, admin: true).account }
-  let(:john)    { Fabricate(:user).account }
+  let(:john)    { Fabricate(:account) }
 
   permissions :reset_password?, :change_email? do
     context 'staff?' do
diff --git a/spec/services/authorize_follow_service_spec.rb b/spec/services/authorize_follow_service_spec.rb
index 8e5d8fb03a..888d694b61 100644
--- a/spec/services/authorize_follow_service_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/services/authorize_follow_service_spec.rb
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ RSpec.describe AuthorizeFollowService, type: :service do
   subject { AuthorizeFollowService.new }
 
   describe 'local' do
-    let(:bob) { Fabricate(:user, email: 'bob@example.com', account: Fabricate(:account, username: 'bob')).account }
+    let(:bob) { Fabricate(:account, username: 'bob') }
 
     before do
       FollowRequest.create(account: bob, target_account: sender)
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ RSpec.describe AuthorizeFollowService, type: :service do
   end
 
   describe 'remote ActivityPub' do
-    let(:bob) { Fabricate(:user, email: 'bob@example.com', account: Fabricate(:account, username: 'bob', domain: 'example.com', protocol: :activitypub, inbox_url: 'http://example.com/inbox')).account }
+    let(:bob) { Fabricate(:account, username: 'bob', domain: 'example.com', protocol: :activitypub, inbox_url: 'http://example.com/inbox') }
 
     before do
       FollowRequest.create(account: bob, target_account: sender)
diff --git a/spec/services/batched_remove_status_service_spec.rb b/spec/services/batched_remove_status_service_spec.rb
index 4203952c60..8f38908cd2 100644
--- a/spec/services/batched_remove_status_service_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/services/batched_remove_status_service_spec.rb
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ RSpec.describe BatchedRemoveStatusService, type: :service do
 
   let!(:alice)  { Fabricate(:account) }
   let!(:bob)    { Fabricate(:account, username: 'bob', domain: 'example.com') }
-  let!(:jeff)   { Fabricate(:user).account }
+  let!(:jeff)   { Fabricate(:account) }
   let!(:hank)   { Fabricate(:account, username: 'hank', protocol: :activitypub, domain: 'example.com', inbox_url: 'http://example.com/inbox') }
 
   let(:status1) { PostStatusService.new.call(alice, text: 'Hello @bob@example.com') }
diff --git a/spec/services/block_service_spec.rb b/spec/services/block_service_spec.rb
index 3714f09e9a..a53e1f9288 100644
--- a/spec/services/block_service_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/services/block_service_spec.rb
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ RSpec.describe BlockService, type: :service do
   subject { BlockService.new }
 
   describe 'local' do
-    let(:bob) { Fabricate(:user, email: 'bob@example.com', account: Fabricate(:account, username: 'bob')).account }
+    let(:bob) { Fabricate(:account, username: 'bob') }
 
     before do
       subject.call(sender, bob)
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ RSpec.describe BlockService, type: :service do
   end
 
   describe 'remote ActivityPub' do
-    let(:bob) { Fabricate(:user, email: 'bob@example.com', account: Fabricate(:account, username: 'bob', protocol: :activitypub, domain: 'example.com', inbox_url: 'http://example.com/inbox')).account }
+    let(:bob) { Fabricate(:account, username: 'bob', protocol: :activitypub, domain: 'example.com', inbox_url: 'http://example.com/inbox') }
 
     before do
       stub_request(:post, 'http://example.com/inbox').to_return(status: 200)
diff --git a/spec/services/fan_out_on_write_service_spec.rb b/spec/services/fan_out_on_write_service_spec.rb
index 4ce110e457..aaf179ce53 100644
--- a/spec/services/fan_out_on_write_service_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/services/fan_out_on_write_service_spec.rb
@@ -3,9 +3,9 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 RSpec.describe FanOutOnWriteService, type: :service do
   let(:last_active_at) { Time.now.utc }
 
-  let!(:alice) { Fabricate(:user, current_sign_in_at: last_active_at, account: Fabricate(:account, username: 'alice')).account }
-  let!(:bob)   { Fabricate(:user, current_sign_in_at: last_active_at, account: Fabricate(:account, username: 'bob')).account }
-  let!(:tom)   { Fabricate(:user, current_sign_in_at: last_active_at, account: Fabricate(:account, username: 'tom')).account }
+  let!(:alice) { Fabricate(:user, current_sign_in_at: last_active_at).account }
+  let!(:bob)   { Fabricate(:user, current_sign_in_at: last_active_at, account_attributes: { username: 'bob' }).account }
+  let!(:tom)   { Fabricate(:user, current_sign_in_at: last_active_at).account }
 
   subject { described_class.new }
 
diff --git a/spec/services/favourite_service_spec.rb b/spec/services/favourite_service_spec.rb
index fc7f58eb42..94a8111dd5 100644
--- a/spec/services/favourite_service_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/services/favourite_service_spec.rb
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ RSpec.describe FavouriteService, type: :service do
   subject { FavouriteService.new }
 
   describe 'local' do
-    let(:bob)    { Fabricate(:user, email: 'bob@example.com', account: Fabricate(:account, username: 'bob')).account }
+    let(:bob)    { Fabricate(:account) }
     let(:status) { Fabricate(:status, account: bob) }
 
     before do
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ RSpec.describe FavouriteService, type: :service do
   end
 
   describe 'remote ActivityPub' do
-    let(:bob)    { Fabricate(:user, email: 'bob@example.com', account: Fabricate(:account, protocol: :activitypub, username: 'bob', domain: 'example.com', inbox_url: 'http://example.com/inbox')).account }
+    let(:bob)    { Fabricate(:account, protocol: :activitypub, username: 'bob', domain: 'example.com', inbox_url: 'http://example.com/inbox') }
     let(:status) { Fabricate(:status, account: bob) }
 
     before do
diff --git a/spec/services/follow_service_spec.rb b/spec/services/follow_service_spec.rb
index 63d6eb3bd8..02bc87c58d 100644
--- a/spec/services/follow_service_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/services/follow_service_spec.rb
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ RSpec.describe FollowService, type: :service do
 
   context 'local account' do
     describe 'locked account' do
-      let(:bob) { Fabricate(:user, email: 'bob@example.com', account: Fabricate(:account, locked: true, username: 'bob')).account }
+      let(:bob) { Fabricate(:account, locked: true, username: 'bob') }
 
       before do
         subject.call(sender, bob)
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ RSpec.describe FollowService, type: :service do
     end
 
     describe 'locked account, no reblogs' do
-      let(:bob) { Fabricate(:user, email: 'bob@example.com', account: Fabricate(:account, locked: true, username: 'bob')).account }
+      let(:bob) { Fabricate(:account, locked: true, username: 'bob') }
 
       before do
         subject.call(sender, bob, reblogs: false)
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ RSpec.describe FollowService, type: :service do
     end
 
     describe 'unlocked account, from silenced account' do
-      let(:bob) { Fabricate(:user, email: 'bob@example.com', account: Fabricate(:account, username: 'bob')).account }
+      let(:bob) { Fabricate(:account, username: 'bob') }
 
       before do
         sender.touch(:silenced_at)
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ RSpec.describe FollowService, type: :service do
     end
 
     describe 'unlocked account, from a muted account' do
-      let(:bob) { Fabricate(:user, email: 'bob@example.com', account: Fabricate(:account, username: 'bob')).account }
+      let(:bob) { Fabricate(:account, username: 'bob') }
 
       before do
         bob.mute!(sender)
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ RSpec.describe FollowService, type: :service do
     end
 
     describe 'unlocked account' do
-      let(:bob) { Fabricate(:user, email: 'bob@example.com', account: Fabricate(:account, username: 'bob')).account }
+      let(:bob) { Fabricate(:account, username: 'bob') }
 
       before do
         subject.call(sender, bob)
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ RSpec.describe FollowService, type: :service do
     end
 
     describe 'unlocked account, no reblogs' do
-      let(:bob) { Fabricate(:user, email: 'bob@example.com', account: Fabricate(:account, username: 'bob')).account }
+      let(:bob) { Fabricate(:account, username: 'bob') }
 
       before do
         subject.call(sender, bob, reblogs: false)
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ RSpec.describe FollowService, type: :service do
     end
 
     describe 'already followed account' do
-      let(:bob) { Fabricate(:user, email: 'bob@example.com', account: Fabricate(:account, username: 'bob')).account }
+      let(:bob) { Fabricate(:account, username: 'bob') }
 
       before do
         sender.follow!(bob)
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ RSpec.describe FollowService, type: :service do
     end
 
     describe 'already followed account, turning reblogs off' do
-      let(:bob) { Fabricate(:user, email: 'bob@example.com', account: Fabricate(:account, username: 'bob')).account }
+      let(:bob) { Fabricate(:account, username: 'bob') }
 
       before do
         sender.follow!(bob, reblogs: true)
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ RSpec.describe FollowService, type: :service do
     end
 
     describe 'already followed account, turning reblogs on' do
-      let(:bob) { Fabricate(:user, email: 'bob@example.com', account: Fabricate(:account, username: 'bob')).account }
+      let(:bob) { Fabricate(:account, username: 'bob') }
 
       before do
         sender.follow!(bob, reblogs: false)
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ RSpec.describe FollowService, type: :service do
   end
 
   context 'remote ActivityPub account' do
-    let(:bob) { Fabricate(:user, account: Fabricate(:account, username: 'bob', domain: 'example.com', protocol: :activitypub, inbox_url: 'http://example.com/inbox')).account }
+    let(:bob) { Fabricate(:account, username: 'bob', domain: 'example.com', protocol: :activitypub, inbox_url: 'http://example.com/inbox') }
 
     before do
       stub_request(:post, "http://example.com/inbox").to_return(:status => 200, :body => "", :headers => {})
diff --git a/spec/services/reject_follow_service_spec.rb b/spec/services/reject_follow_service_spec.rb
index 732cb07f7b..e14bfa78dc 100644
--- a/spec/services/reject_follow_service_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/services/reject_follow_service_spec.rb
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ RSpec.describe RejectFollowService, type: :service do
   subject { RejectFollowService.new }
 
   describe 'local' do
-    let(:bob) { Fabricate(:user, email: 'bob@example.com', account: Fabricate(:account, username: 'bob')).account }
+    let(:bob) { Fabricate(:account) }
 
     before do
       FollowRequest.create(account: bob, target_account: sender)
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ RSpec.describe RejectFollowService, type: :service do
   end
 
   describe 'remote ActivityPub' do
-    let(:bob) { Fabricate(:user, email: 'bob@example.com', account: Fabricate(:account, username: 'bob', domain: 'example.com', protocol: :activitypub, inbox_url: 'http://example.com/inbox')).account }
+    let(:bob) { Fabricate(:account, username: 'bob', domain: 'example.com', protocol: :activitypub, inbox_url: 'http://example.com/inbox') }
 
     before do
       FollowRequest.create(account: bob, target_account: sender)
diff --git a/spec/services/remove_status_service_spec.rb b/spec/services/remove_status_service_spec.rb
index 21fb0cd353..fb7c6b4625 100644
--- a/spec/services/remove_status_service_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/services/remove_status_service_spec.rb
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 RSpec.describe RemoveStatusService, type: :service do
   subject { RemoveStatusService.new }
 
-  let!(:alice)  { Fabricate(:account, user: Fabricate(:user)) }
+  let!(:alice)  { Fabricate(:account) }
   let!(:bob)    { Fabricate(:account, username: 'bob', domain: 'example.com') }
   let!(:jeff)   { Fabricate(:account) }
   let!(:hank)   { Fabricate(:account, username: 'hank', protocol: :activitypub, domain: 'example.com', inbox_url: 'http://example.com/inbox') }
diff --git a/spec/services/report_service_spec.rb b/spec/services/report_service_spec.rb
index 454e4d896f..7e6a113e02 100644
--- a/spec/services/report_service_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/services/report_service_spec.rb
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 RSpec.describe ReportService, type: :service do
   subject { described_class.new }
 
-  let(:source_account) { Fabricate(:user).account }
+  let(:source_account) { Fabricate(:account) }
 
   context 'for a remote account' do
     let(:remote_account) { Fabricate(:account, domain: 'example.com', protocol: :activitypub, inbox_url: 'http://example.com/inbox') }
diff --git a/spec/services/unblock_service_spec.rb b/spec/services/unblock_service_spec.rb
index c43ab24b03..10448b3403 100644
--- a/spec/services/unblock_service_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/services/unblock_service_spec.rb
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ RSpec.describe UnblockService, type: :service do
   subject { UnblockService.new }
 
   describe 'local' do
-    let(:bob) { Fabricate(:user, email: 'bob@example.com', account: Fabricate(:account, username: 'bob')).account }
+    let(:bob) { Fabricate(:account) }
 
     before do
       sender.block!(bob)
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ RSpec.describe UnblockService, type: :service do
   end
 
   describe 'remote ActivityPub' do
-    let(:bob) { Fabricate(:user, email: 'bob@example.com', account: Fabricate(:account, username: 'bob', protocol: :activitypub, domain: 'example.com', inbox_url: 'http://example.com/inbox')).account }
+    let(:bob) { Fabricate(:account, username: 'bob', protocol: :activitypub, domain: 'example.com', inbox_url: 'http://example.com/inbox') }
 
     before do
       sender.block!(bob)
diff --git a/spec/services/unfollow_service_spec.rb b/spec/services/unfollow_service_spec.rb
index 7f0b575e4d..bb5bef5c91 100644
--- a/spec/services/unfollow_service_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/services/unfollow_service_spec.rb
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ RSpec.describe UnfollowService, type: :service do
   subject { UnfollowService.new }
 
   describe 'local' do
-    let(:bob) { Fabricate(:user, email: 'bob@example.com', account: Fabricate(:account, username: 'bob')).account }
+    let(:bob) { Fabricate(:account, username: 'bob') }
 
     before do
       sender.follow!(bob)
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ RSpec.describe UnfollowService, type: :service do
   end
 
   describe 'remote ActivityPub' do
-    let(:bob) { Fabricate(:user, email: 'bob@example.com', account: Fabricate(:account, username: 'bob', protocol: :activitypub, domain: 'example.com', inbox_url: 'http://example.com/inbox')).account }
+    let(:bob) { Fabricate(:account, username: 'bob', protocol: :activitypub, domain: 'example.com', inbox_url: 'http://example.com/inbox') }
 
     before do
       sender.follow!(bob)
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ RSpec.describe UnfollowService, type: :service do
   end
 
   describe 'remote ActivityPub (reverse)' do
-    let(:bob) { Fabricate(:user, email: 'bob@example.com', account: Fabricate(:account, username: 'bob', protocol: :activitypub, domain: 'example.com', inbox_url: 'http://example.com/inbox')).account }
+    let(:bob) { Fabricate(:account, username: 'bob', protocol: :activitypub, domain: 'example.com', inbox_url: 'http://example.com/inbox') }
 
     before do
       bob.follow!(sender)
diff --git a/spec/services/update_account_service_spec.rb b/spec/services/update_account_service_spec.rb
index 960b26891f..c2dc791e4d 100644
--- a/spec/services/update_account_service_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/services/update_account_service_spec.rb
@@ -5,9 +5,9 @@ RSpec.describe UpdateAccountService, type: :service do
 
   describe 'switching form locked to unlocked accounts' do
     let(:account) { Fabricate(:account, locked: true) }
-    let(:alice)   { Fabricate(:user, email: 'alice@example.com', account: Fabricate(:account, username: 'alice')).account }
-    let(:bob)     { Fabricate(:user, email: 'bob@example.com', account: Fabricate(:account, username: 'bob')).account }
-    let(:eve)     { Fabricate(:user, email: 'eve@example.com', account: Fabricate(:account, username: 'eve')).account }
+    let(:alice)   { Fabricate(:account) }
+    let(:bob)     { Fabricate(:account) }
+    let(:eve)     { Fabricate(:account) }
 
     before do
       bob.touch(:silenced_at)
diff --git a/spec/workers/move_worker_spec.rb b/spec/workers/move_worker_spec.rb
index 82449b0c7e..4db5810f19 100644
--- a/spec/workers/move_worker_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/workers/move_worker_spec.rb
@@ -3,9 +3,9 @@
 require 'rails_helper'
 
 describe MoveWorker do
-  let(:local_follower)   { Fabricate(:user, email: 'bob@example.com', account: Fabricate(:account, username: 'bob')).account }
-  let(:blocking_account) { Fabricate(:user, email: 'bar@example.com', account: Fabricate(:account, username: 'bar')).account }
-  let(:muting_account)   { Fabricate(:user, email: 'foo@example.com', account: Fabricate(:account, username: 'foo')).account }
+  let(:local_follower)   { Fabricate(:account) }
+  let(:blocking_account) { Fabricate(:account) }
+  let(:muting_account)   { Fabricate(:account) }
   let(:source_account)   { Fabricate(:account, protocol: :activitypub, domain: 'example.com') }
   let(:target_account)   { Fabricate(:account, protocol: :activitypub, domain: 'example.com') }
   let(:local_user)       { Fabricate(:user) }
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ describe MoveWorker do
   end
 
   context 'target account is local' do
-    let(:target_account) { Fabricate(:user, email: 'alice@example.com', account: Fabricate(:account, username: 'alice')).account }
+    let(:target_account) { Fabricate(:account) }
 
     describe 'perform' do
       it 'calls UnfollowFollowWorker' do
@@ -102,8 +102,8 @@ describe MoveWorker do
   end
 
   context 'both target and source accounts are local' do
-    let(:target_account) { Fabricate(:user, email: 'alice@example.com', account: Fabricate(:account, username: 'alice')).account }
-    let(:source_account) { Fabricate(:user, email: 'alice_@example.com', account: Fabricate(:account, username: 'alice_')).account }
+    let(:target_account) { Fabricate(:account) }
+    let(:source_account) { Fabricate(:account) }
 
     describe 'perform' do
       it 'calls makes local followers follow the target account' do
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ describe MoveWorker do
       include_examples 'block and mute handling'
 
       it 'does not fail when a local user is already following both accounts' do
-        double_follower = Fabricate(:user, email: 'eve@example.com', account: Fabricate(:account, username: 'eve')).account
+        double_follower = Fabricate(:account)
         double_follower.follow!(source_account)
         double_follower.follow!(target_account)
         subject.perform(source_account.id, target_account.id)
diff --git a/spec/workers/unfollow_follow_worker_spec.rb b/spec/workers/unfollow_follow_worker_spec.rb
index 5052c5616a..5ea4256a9b 100644
--- a/spec/workers/unfollow_follow_worker_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/workers/unfollow_follow_worker_spec.rb
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 require 'rails_helper'
 
 describe UnfollowFollowWorker do
-  let(:local_follower)   { Fabricate(:user, email: 'bob@example.com', account: Fabricate(:account, username: 'bob')).account }
+  let(:local_follower)   { Fabricate(:account) }
   let(:source_account)   { Fabricate(:account) }
   let(:target_account)   { Fabricate(:account) }
   let(:show_reblogs)     { true }
diff --git a/yarn.lock b/yarn.lock
index 6e766419b4..313a3567af 100644
--- a/yarn.lock
+++ b/yarn.lock
@@ -2289,12 +2289,12 @@ axe-core@^4.3.5:
   resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/axe-core/-/axe-core-4.3.5.tgz#78d6911ba317a8262bfee292aeafcc1e04b49cc5"
   integrity sha512-WKTW1+xAzhMS5dJsxWkliixlO/PqC4VhmO9T4juNYcaTg9jzWiJsou6m5pxWYGfigWbwzJWeFY6z47a+4neRXA==
 
-axios@^0.24.0:
-  version "0.24.0"
-  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/axios/-/axios-0.24.0.tgz#804e6fa1e4b9c5288501dd9dff56a7a0940d20d6"
-  integrity sha512-Q6cWsys88HoPgAaFAVUb0WpPk0O8iTeisR9IMqy9G8AbO4NlpVknrnQS03zzF9PGAWgO3cgletO3VjV/P7VztA==
+axios@^0.25.0:
+  version "0.25.0"
+  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/axios/-/axios-0.25.0.tgz#349cfbb31331a9b4453190791760a8d35b093e0a"
+  integrity sha512-cD8FOb0tRH3uuEe6+evtAbgJtfxr7ly3fQjYcMcuPlgkwVS9xboaVIpcDV+cYQe+yGykgwZCs1pzjntcGa6l5g==
   dependencies:
-    follow-redirects "^1.14.4"
+    follow-redirects "^1.14.7"
 
 axobject-query@^2.2.0:
   version "2.2.0"
@@ -4920,7 +4920,7 @@ flush-write-stream@^1.0.0:
     inherits "^2.0.3"
     readable-stream "^2.3.6"
 
-follow-redirects@^1.0.0, follow-redirects@^1.14.4:
+follow-redirects@^1.0.0, follow-redirects@^1.14.7:
   version "1.14.7"
   resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/follow-redirects/-/follow-redirects-1.14.7.tgz#2004c02eb9436eee9a21446a6477debf17e81685"
   integrity sha512-+hbxoLbFMbRKDwohX8GkTataGqO6Jb7jGwpAlwgy2bIz25XtRm7KEzJM76R1WiNT5SwZkX4Y75SwBolkpmE7iQ==